Hedging
Participle verbs
Collocations+ prepositions
Passive voice
Difficult questions
100

Online learning is less effective than face-to-face learning.

Online learning may be less effective than face-to-face learning in certain contexts.

100

Undergo

(Present perfect)

I have undergone several changes in my academic perspective

100

Focus in/ focus on/ focus at

Use it in a sentence related to your research

My research focuses on…

100

Researchers conducted the study in three Colombian communities

The study was conducted in three Colombian communities.

100

What specific statistical relationship do you expect to find between socioeconomic status and participation in renewable-energy initiatives?

(I don't know)

That's an interesting question. At this stage, I don't have enough evidence to provide a definitive answer

200

Students who participate more in class develop better speaking skills

Students who participate more actively in class tend to develop stronger speaking skills.

200

Overcome

(Past perfect)

I had overcome several difficulties related to…

200

Contribute for/ contribute to/ contribute with

The research you are going to undertake may contribute....

This study may contribute to a better understanding of…

200

Researchers have identified several limitations in the methodology.

Several limitations in the methodology have been identified

200

Do you think your research will actually have an impact on public policy?

(You need further explanation to answer)

When you say ‘impact,’ do you mean a direct influence on policy-making or a more indirect contribution to the discussion?

300

The results prove that teachers are responsible for students' lack of motivation

The results appear to suggest that teacher-related factors may contribute to students' lack of motivation

300

Undertake 

(Future perfect)

By the time I am thirty, I will have undertaken several research projects

300

Regarding to/ regarding with/ regarding

... the current changes made to the prior consultation in this government

Regarding the current changes made to the prior consultation in this government.....

300

The government may have overlooked several potential consequences of the policy

Several potential consequences of the policy may have been overlooked.

300

Can you tell us which specific officials supported or opposed this policy

(You cannot share this information)

I'm afraid I'm not in a position to comment on internal matters or disclose information concerning specific officials. However, I can discuss the policy itself and its publicly available implications 

400

Renewable-energy projects have improved the quality of life of indigenous communities.

The available evidence appears to suggest that renewable-energy projects may have contributed to improvements in the quality of life of some indigenous communities.

400

Withstand

(Present perfect continuous)

She has been withstanding the effects that contraceptives have had on her body

400

The success of these initiatives may be dependent ___ several contextual factors and could contribute ___ a better understanding ___ the needs of local communities.

dependent on
contribute to
understanding of

400

Researchers believe that socioeconomic factors influence students' participation in renewable-energy projects

It is believed that socioeconomic factors influence students' participation in renewable-energy projects. 

Socioeconomic factors are believed to influence students' participation in renewable-energy projects.

400

Your research proposal claims to address a significant gap in the literature, but several studies seem to have already addressed the same issue. Did you overlook them? 

(Guilty as charged)

Acknowledge and address the concerns for the future 

500

Renewable-energy projects have significantly improved the quality of life of indigenous communities. They provide better economic opportunities, strengthen community development, and reduce social inequalities. Government policies are also responsible for the success of these initiatives, since they guarantee that communities receive the resources they need. Therefore, investing in renewable energy is clearly the most effective way to promote sustainable development in indigenous territories.

Renewable-energy projects appear to have contributed to improvements in the quality of life of some indigenous communities. They may provide better economic opportunities, potentially strengthen community development, and could contribute to reducing social inequalities. Government policies may also play an important role in the success of these initiatives, although their effectiveness cannot necessarily be assumed to guarantee that communities receive all the resources they need. Therefore, investing in renewable energy could be considered one potentially effective approach to promoting sustainable development in certain indigenous territories.

500

Arise

(Past perfect continuous) 

By the time the meeting started, several concerns had been arising about the new policy, so the manager decided to address them first.

500

The success of renewable-energy projects depends in several contextual factors, including the level of community participation and the resources available. Researchers should focus in how these factors contribute for the sustainability of the projects. In addition, the effectiveness of government policies is often associated to the extent to which local communities are involved in decision-making. Regarding to these issues, more research is needed to provide evidence about the long-term impact of these initiatives.

The success of renewable-energy projects depends on several contextual factors, including the level of community participation and the resources available. Researchers should focus on how these factors contribute to the sustainability of the projects. In addition, the effectiveness of government policies is often associated with the extent to which local communities are involved in decision-making. Regarding these issues, more research is needed to provide evidence of/about the long-term impact of these initiatives.

500

Researchers might have underestimated the extent to which cultural factors affect community participation

The extent to which cultural factors affect community participation might have been underestimated.

500

Your research seems to assume that renewable energy automatically benefits indigenous communities. Isn't that an unjustified assumption? 

(Provide clarification, defend your position, and use cautious language)

:) I don't know how I would do that