Definitions
Clauses that show contrast or a concession, often introduced by although, even though, despite, though.
Phrases & Clauses of Concession
Describes actions completed before another action in the past.
Past Perfect Tense
A tense used to describe actions that will continue up to a specific time in the future.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Describes actions happening now or temporary actions.
Present Continuous Tense
Clauses that express unexpected or contrasting ideas.
Phrases & Clauses of Concession
Describes actions that were ongoing at a specific time in the past.
Past Continuous Tense
She was reading when the phone rang.
Past Continuous Tense
A tense used to describe actions that are planned or are about to happen soon, often formed with "going to."
Near Future Tense
Describes habitual actions or general truths
Present Simple Tense
Clauses that show results or effects.
Phrases & Clauses of Effect
A grammatical structure in which the subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action, rather than the doer.
Passive voice
Describes completed actions in the past.
past simple tense
future simple tense
Describes actions that started in the past and are still happening or have recently stopped.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
He stayed home because he was sick.
Phrases & Clauses of Reason
Describes actions that happened at an unspecified time or actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
Present Perfect Tense
hey had been waiting for an hour before the train arrived.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
By next year, she will have been working here for 10 years
future perfect continous
Describes actions that happened at an unspecified time or actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
Present Perfect Tense
Clauses that explain the reason for an action.
Phrases & Clauses of Purpose
Describes actions that started in the past and are still happening or have recently stopped.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
By the time he arrived, I had already left.
Past Perfect Tense
A tense used to describe actions that will have been completed by a specific time in the future.
Future Perfect Tense
I have visited Paris twice.
Clauses that explain why something happened.
Phrases & Clauses of Reason