Voices, Phrases, and Clauses
When an action is performed upon a subject.
Passive voice
I draw.
Present tense
The three most common -- a, an, the. Precedes nouns.
Article
Takes the place of a noun.
Pronoun
Examples: do, does, did, has, have, had, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, or must.
Helping verbs
When a subject performs an action.
Active voice
I drew.
Past tense
Occurs before the noun in a phrase and relates the noun or pronoun following it to another word in the sentence: at, with, near, below, by, to...
Preposition
Nominative, Objective: I, me, we, us, you, he, she, it, him, her, it, they, them.
Personal pronoun
________form their past tense and past participle by adding -ed or -d to the base form (e.g., walk → walked, play → played).
REGULAR VERBS
Adding 's or s' to the last word in the phrase:
this car's, my father's.
Possessive phrase
I will draw.
Future tense
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb and tells: Where? When? In what manner? or To what extent?
Adverb
A word that points out a specific person, place, or thing: this, that, these, those.
Demonstrative pronoun
They tell when, where, why, how, to what extent, or under what conditions.
Adverb clauses
I am drawing.
Present progressive tense
Connects words, phrases, or clauses.
CONJUNCTIONS
Used to begin a direct or indirect question: who, whom, whose, what, which, (-ever), that
Relative/interrogative pronoun
A group of words that work together but do not contain a subject and a verb.
PHRASE
_______ refer to the time an action takes place, expressed through verb forms.
TENSES
Introduces dependent (subordinate) clauses: as, if, since, because, when, while, that.
Subordinate conjunction
______ reflects the action back to the subject (e.g., myself, herself, themselves).
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS