Parallel Structure

Commas in a Series & Commas for Clarity

Parallel Structure (Advanced)
Introductory Phrases

Parallel (Interm.)
100

Identify the parallel error and rewrite correctly: "She likes running, to bake, and swam at her friend's house."

She like running, baking and swimming at her friend's house.

100

Insert commas where needed: "For breakfast she had eggs toast and orange juice."

"For breakfast, she had eggs, toast, and orange juice."

100

Identify and correct the parallelism error: "To succeed in the course, students must attend every class, complete the readings, and showing up for discussions."

"To succeed in the course, students must attend every class, complete the readings, and show up for discussions."

100

Add a comma after the introductory phrase: "After the movie we went for ice cream."

"After the movie, we went for ice cream."

100

Choose the version that is parallel:
a) "The job requires analyzing data, writing reports, and to present findings."
b) "The job requires analyzing data, writing reports, and presenting findings."

B."The job requires analyzing data, writing reports, and presenting findings."

200

Choose the correctly parallel sentence: a) "The coach told us to be on time, to work hard, and show respect." b) "The coach told us to be on time, to work hard, and to show respect."

b) "The coach told us to be on time, to work hard, and to show respect."

200

Explain whether a comma is needed for clarity in this sentence and add it if so: "Let's eat Grandma."

Yes, it is necessary to show direct address.

"Let's eat, Grandma."

200

 Combine into one grammatically parallel sentence: "He wanted to learn Spanish. He wanted to improve his pronunciation. He wanted to travel."

"He wanted to learn Spanish, improve his pronunciation, and travel."

200

Punctuate this sentence correctly: "In 1945 the war finally ended."

"In 1945, the war finally ended."

200

Rewrite to make the list parallel: "Her responsibilities include responding to emails, that she schedules meetings, and managing client accounts."

"Her responsibilities include responding to emails, scheduling meetings, and managing client accounts."

300

Convert this list into a parallel structure: "My goals are finishing the project, to improve my grade, and that I will learn more."

"My goals are finishing the project, improving my grade, and learning more."

300

Revise this sentence to remove ambiguity using commas: "I invited my parents, Susan and Mike."

The oxford comma!

"I invited my parents, Susan, and Mike."

300

 Identify the fault and revise: "The committee will be responsible for fundraising, publicizing events, and they will evaluate applications."

The last clause is not parallel. 

"The committee will be responsible for fundraising, publicizing events, and evaluating applications.

300

Add punctuation and adjust wording if needed: "Although tired she finished her essay before midnight."

"Although tired, she finished her essay before midnight."

300

Make this sentence parallel without changing meaning: "Students should know how to solve equations, graphing functions, and interpret data."

 "Students should know how to solve equations, graph functions, and interpret data."

400

 Explain why this sentence is faulty and revise it: "He is responsible for recruiting members, maintaining records, and he prepares reports."

The last clause is not parallel to the other two clauses. 

"He is responsible for recruiting members, maintaining records, and preparing reports."

400

Place commas to clarify meaning: "To my sister who lives in Boston the gift arrived yesterday."

Parenthetical 

"To my sister, who lives in Boston, the gift arrived yesterday."

400

Convert into parallel gerunds (-ing) verbs: "He likes to read novels, to write short stories, and painting landscapes."

Convert into parallel gerunds: "He likes reading novels, writing short stories, and painting landscapes."

400

Identify whether a comma is required and punctuate: "To get to the museum take the second left."

Yes, it is essential. 

"To get to the museum, take the second left."

400

Choose the correct, most parallel sentence:
a) "For the presentation, prepare slides, rehearsing your remarks, and be ready to answer questions."
b) "For the presentation, prepare slides, rehearse your remarks, and be ready to answer questions."

b) "For the presentation, prepare slides, rehearse your remarks, and be ready to answer questions."

500

Combine these phrases into one parallel sentence that could be a class objective: "Students will be able to analyze texts, writing clearly, and to evaluate arguments."

"Students will be able to analyze texts, write clearly, and evaluate arguments."

500

 Rewrite this sentence adding commas for clarity without changing meaning: "We invited the clowns, rabbits and cats."

 "We invited the clowns, rabbits, and cats."

500

 Rewrite this complex sentence so all coordinate elements are parallel: "The professor asked students to compare the texts, to analyze the rhetorical strategies, and whether they could defend their interpretations."

"The professor asked students to compare the texts, to analyze the rhetorical strategies, and to defend their interpretations."

500

Rewrite this sentence placing the introductory element at the end and adjust punctuation: "Because she studied, Maria passed the exam."

"Maria passed the exam, because she studied."

500

Combine the following into a single parallel sentence appropriate as a thesis statement: "One can note how to evaluate the evidence, considering counterarguments, and demonstrating original insight."

"One can note how to evaluate the evidence, consider counterarguments, and demonstrate original insight."