CONDITIONALS
"If it rains tomorrow, we ___ the picnic." (CANCEL)
will cancel — First Conditional
Direct: "I am really tired," she said. Reported: She said that she ___ really tired.
was — Present Simple → Past Simple
"She really enjoys ___ in the morning before work." (SWIM)
swimming — enjoy + -ing
"It's freezing outside. I wish I ___ a warmer coat with me today." (HAVE)
had — wish + Past Simple = сожаление о настоящей ситуации
"She ___ her homework. We can go now." (JUST / FINISH)
has just finished — Present Perfect с маркером just
"If I ___ you, I would think more carefully before making that decision." (BE)
were — Second Conditional
Direct: "I will call you tomorrow," he promised. Reported: He promised that he ___ call me ___.
would / the following day — will → would, tomorrow → the following day
"After months of hesitation, he finally decided ___ his own business." (START)
to start — decide + to-infinitive
"She failed the exam. She wishes she ___ harder the week before." (STUDY)
had studied — wish + Past Perfect = сожаление о прошлом
"By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film ___." (ALREADY / START)
had already started — Past Perfect
"If she ___ the instructions more carefully, she wouldn't have made that mistake." (READ)
had read — Third Conditional: If + Past Perfect
Direct: "Where do you work?" she asked him. Reported: She asked him where he ___.
worked
"She stopped ___ when she heard footsteps outside." (TALK)
talking — stop doing = прекратить. Stop to talk = остановиться, чтобы поговорить
"My flatmate leaves the dishes in the sink every day. I wish he ___ them immediately." (WASH)
would wash — wish + would = жалоба на чужое поведение
Which form is right and why?
"I lived in London for three years."
"I have lived in London for three years."
I have lived — Present Perfect
"If he hadn't missed the deadline, his project ___ on display right now." (BE)
would be — Mixed Conditional: прошлое условие + настоящий результат. Маркер right now.
Direct: "Don't open the window," the teacher said. Reported: The teacher told us ___ the window.
not to open — запрет в косвенной речи: told sb not to do
"Did you remember ___ the lights off before leaving?" (TURN)
to turn — remember to do = не забыть сделать. Отличие: remember doing = помнить, что делал
A) I wish you would pass your exam tomorrow!
B) I hope you will pass your exam tomorrow!
B — wish + would нельзя использовать для пожеланий другому человеку об их успехах. Это звучит как упрёк. Для искренних пожеланий — hope.
"He was completely exhausted when he finished the race because he ___ for over two hours." (RUN)
had been running — Past Perfect Continuous
"___ she known about the changes earlier, she would have prepared differently."
Had — инверсия в Third Conditional: Had + subject + V3 = If she had known
"She ___ me that the meeting had been cancelled and that I ___ come in the next day." (SAY / TELL / NEED)
told / didn't need to — tell требует объекта; модальный глагол в RS
"I'm really looking forward to ___ you at the conference next month." (SEE)
seeing — look forward to + -ing. Ловушка: to здесь — предлог, не частица инфинитива
"___ I ___ to your advice from the beginning! Everything would be so different now." (LISTEN)
If only I had listened — If only + Past Perfect = сильное прошлое сожаление с последствиями в настоящем
"How long ___ you ___ English?" (STUDY)
have / been studying — Present Perfect Continuous