Commas
What do we use commas for?
a slight pause, opportunity to take a breath,
seperate words, clauses, and phrases
What is the purpose of using em dashes in a sentence?
To add emphasis
What are parentheses used for?
to seperate out/provide nonessential (extra) information
Name 2 uses for a semicolon.
1. to seperate items in a long list, especially if it already contains commas
2. to join two independent clauses that are closely related
3. with a conjunctive adverb
The flowers, bushes; and shrubs need to be pruned in the fall.
The flowers, bushes, and shrubs need to be pruned in the fall.
Where are 3 places where we use commas?
introductory phrase
nonessential clause
appositive phrases
natural pause
a list
with 2 indepepndent clauses joined by a conjunction
What are 2 uses for ellipses?
1. show a trail of thought
2. show an omission (info left out
How should we read parentheses?
with a slight whisper
Where are semicolons used most often?
Between 2 independent clause
Playing a popular theme song the DJ asked everyone to dance.
Playing a popular theme song, the DJ asked everyone to dance.
Add commas to the following sentence.
I need to grab granola bars fruit snacks and water bottles from Costco.
I need to grab granola bars, fruit snacks, and water bottles from Costco.
Add em dashes to the following sentence.
She had finally beat it the really hard level.
She had finally beat it - the really hard level.
Daily Double
Parentheses were created and first used by what ancient civilization.
the Greek
Add a semicolon to the following sentence.
Jonathan finished his homework Kaite did not.
Jonathan finished his homework; Kaite did not.
Our class had so much to do for ZEST, we will start making decorations tomorrow.
Our class had so much to do for ZEST; we will start making decorations tomorrow.
Add comma to the following sentence.
On Friday night we will go out Trick-or-Treating.
On Friday, night we will go out Trick-or-Treating.
Add ellipses to the folowing quote.
"To infinity and beyond!" - Buzz Lightyear
"To infinity... and beyond!" - Buzz Lightyear
Add parentheses to the following sentence.
She arrived late to schoool around 9am.
She arrived late to schoool (around 9am).
Add semicolons to the following sentence.
Sam finished reading three books this week in contrast, Sarah only finished two.
Sam finished reading three books this week; in contrast, Sarah only finished two.
Jackie has neither the time, nor the money to buy the videogame.
Jackie has neither the time nor the money to buy the videogame.
Add commas to the following sentence.
The Mariners the underdogs surprised everyone when they made it into the playoffs.
The Mariners, the underdogs, surprised everyone when they made it into the playoffs.
Add em dashes to the following sentence.
His first thought when getting out of bed if, he had any at all was to get back in bed.
Add em dashes to the following sentence.
His first thought when getting out of bed - if, he had any at all - was to get back in bed.
Add parentheses to the following sentence.
The poem The Raven written by Edgar Allen Poe is considered a classic.
The poem The Raven (written by Edgar Allen Poe) is considered a classic.
Add commas and semicolons to the following sentence.
The three officers showed up to the meeting - Carol the President Jonathan the Vice President and Jennifer the Secretary.
The three officers showed up to the meeting - Carol, the President; Jonathan, the Vice President; and Jennifer the Secretary.
Hurriedly eating lunch Tom wiped his mouth and returned to class.
Hurriedly eating lunch, Tom wiped his mouth and returned to class.