GERUND
Gerundiy qaysi qo'shimcha qo'shish orqali yasaladi?
-ing
If qatnashgan gaplar 5 guruhga bo'linadi. Qaysilar?
Zero Conditional
First Conditional
Second Conditional
Third Conditional
Mixed Conditional
Passive Voice nima, formulasi
to be + Verb 3 (-ed,-d)
Passive voice o'zbek tilida majhul nisbat bo'lib, ish - harakatining bajarilganligi uning kim tomondan bajarilganligidan muhimroq bo'lgan holatlarda ishlatiladi:
Flowers are watered – Gullar sug’oriladi
She _____ for that sick animal for two months now.
She _____ it very much.
A) had been caring / loving
B) has been caring / must love
C) was caring / be loving
D) cared / to love
E) will cire / loved
B
Humans _____ smell about 10.000 scents, ranging
from freshly cut flowers to the aversive smell of an
angry skunk.
CAN
Qaysi fe'llardan keyin gerundiy ishlatiladi? 3 ta fe'l ayting
Like
dislike
miss
keep
Zero Conditional qachon ishlatiladi, formulasi, gap tuzing
´Odatiy va tabiiy bo’lgan ish-harakatlar, inkor qilib bo’lmaydigan haqiqatlar, faktlarda qo’llaniladi:
If you heat ice, it melts – Agar muzni isitsangiz, u eriydi
If I can’t sleep, I drink a cup of milk
Passive Voice qachon ishlatiladi?
uIsh-harakatni bajaruvchi:
a) noma'lum bo'lsa (unknown):
The museum was built in 1875 (unknown- kim qurganligi ma'lum emas)
b) muhim bo'lmasa (unimportant):
The flowers have been delivered (unimportant- kim yetkazib bergani muhim emas)
c) aniq (obvious) bo'lganda:
He was arrested (obvious- kim tomonidan qamoqqa olinganligi aniq, by police)
uIsh-harakat bajaruvchiga nisbatan muhimroq bo'lgan holatlarda-asosan yangiliklar, maqolalar va e'lonlarda:
The National Library was opened by President.
u Ayrim gaplarning muloyim formalarida:
My phone is broken. ( instead of -You broke my phone)
The workers in the office _____ to work overtime on
weekends because they _____ already _____ plans.
A) refuse / do / made
B) are refusing / are / make
C) will have been refused / do / made
D) refusing / do / make
E) were refusing / had / made
E
You _____ not come early. I mean you _____ start to
work at 10 o’clock
NEED / MAY
Gerundiy qaysi zamonlarda ishlatiladi?
Indefinite – Noaniq – Reading
Perfect – Tugallangan – having read – o’qilgan
Second Conditionalni tushuntiring
´Hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonda sodir bo’ladigan, haqiqatga to’g’ri kelmaydigan hayoliy vaziyatlar va ish-harakatlar uchun qo’llaniladi. Shart noreal bo’lganligi uchun hozirgi zamonga taalluqli ish-harakat bo’lsa ham, formulada o’tgan zamon ishlatiladi:
If I were you, I would help him
Passive Voice bilan ishlatiladigan predloglarni ma'nolari bilan tushuntiring
By predlogi ish-harakatni kim tomonidan bajarilganini bildiradi:
The letter was written by me – Xat men tomonimdan yozildi
With predlogi ish-harakatni nima bilan bajarilganligini bildiradi:
The letter was written with pen – Xat ruchka bilan yozildi
From / of predloglari narsani nimadan tayyorlanganligini bildiradi:
Cheese is made from milk – Pishloq sutdan tayyorlanadi
The table is made of wood – Stol taxtadan qilinadi
In predlogi narsani qayerda tayyorlanganini bildiradi:
The dress is made in China – Ko’ylak Xitoyda tayyorlangan
I _____ the phone at the moment, so you _____ your
friend.
A) am using / can call
B) used / are calling
C) had used / to call
D) am not using / can call
E) might use / were calling
D
We _____ flying to Spain now if we had bought tickets
in time.
WOULD BE
Gerundiy bilan ishlatiladigan iboralardan 5 tasini ayting va 2ta gap tuzing
Can’t stand –tura olmaslik
Can’t bear-chiday olmaslik
Can’t help – o’zini tiya olmaslik- I can’t help telling you about it
Can’t face –xohlamaslik
Can’t resist – o’zini tiyolmaslik
It’s no use – foydasi yo’q -It’s no use worrying about it
There’s no point in – foydasi yo’q, kerak emas – There’s no point in buying car if you don’t want to drive it
It’s worth – arziydi – It isn’t worth going there
A waste of time/money – vaqtni/pulni sarflash – It’s a waste of money buying things you don’t want
It’s no good – befoyda, yaxshi emas – it’s no good doing it
Third Conditional formulasini yozib tushuntiring
If Past Perfect, would have V3(-ed)
´O’tgan zamondagi haqiqatga to’g’ri kelmaydigan, hayoliy vaziyatlar va ish-harakatlar uchun qo’llaniladi. Ish-harakat o’tgan zamonga taalluqli bo’lsa ham, IF qatnashgan gap PAST PERFECT yoki PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUSda ishlatiladi:
If the team had played better, they would have won
Ikki to’ldiruvchi izma-iz kelsa, majhul nisbatning 2 xil yasalishiga gap tuzing
I gave him a letter – Men unga xat bedim
The letter was given by me – Xat unga men tomonimdan berildi
He was given the letter by me – Unga xat men tomonimdan berildi
The amusing stories _____ to us by Michael _____
much too short.
A) tell / have been
B) told / were being
C) to tell / is
D) told / were
E) having been / weren't
D
He _____ be at home. His car is not in the garage.
CAN'T
Gerundiyning majhul nisbat (Passive Voice)da perfect zamonda ishlatilishiga misol ayting.
Perfect – having been read- o’qitilingan
The coat showed evident signs of having been worn on the preceding night – Paltoda o’tgan tunda kiyilganlikning ochiq-oydin belgilari bor edi
Mixed Conditional ni 2 shaklini ham formulasini yozib tushuntiring
If Past Perfect, S would V1
If Past Simple, S would have V3 (-ed)
Passive Voice ning so'roq shakli qanday yasaladi?
So’roq gaplarda ko’makchi fe’l oldinga o’tadi:
Was it done? – Bu bajarildimi?
How has the work been done? – Ish qanday bajarilgan edi?
He _____ strangely but the nurses _____ him carefully.
A) acted / was watching
B) behaving / were watched
C) had acted / watching
D) behaves / watches
E) was behaving / were watching
E
Mother: You ____ wash your hands when you come in.
Small Boy: Ok! I _____ wash my hands when I come
in.
MUST / HAVE TO