Future Concept
When do we use future perfect simple?
To talk about an action that will be completed at some point in the future.
In five years, I ___________ (graduate) from university.
will have graduated
What are the two types of relative clauses?
Defining and non-defining
This is the building _________ the ice cream store used to be.
where
That is the student _______ always talks in class.
who/that
When do we use future continuous?
To talk about an action that will be in progress in the future.
To talk about a future plan.
At noon next Sunday, we ______________ (hike). By Sunday evening we _____________ (complete) the entire trail.
will be hiking, will have completed
What is the difference between a defining relative clause and a non-defining relative clause?
A defining relative clause is essential to the sentence (to identify the antecedent) while a non-defining relative clause could be removed and the sentence would still make sense.
The woman who/which wrote this book, which/that earned an award, is an accomplished fiction author.
Bonus: Is the first one defining or non-defining? Is the second one defining or non-defining?
who, which
Bonus: first is defining, second is non-defining
Which defining relative clauses can "that" replace? Give all 3.
who, which, when
Which form of future do we use with the phrase "by this time tomorrow"? Which form do we use with the phrase "at this time tomorrow"?
Bonus: give two example sentences
future perfect simple, future continuous
Will she _____________ (swim) in the meet next week?
Yes, by then her leg ___________ (heal) so she will be able to swim. However, she ___________ (compete) in all of her normal events because she doesn't want to strain her leg.
be swimming, will have healed, will not be competing
Which relative clause can only be used with defining relative clauses?
that
That is the woman _______ cat ate the tub of ice cream. Hopefully, the cat, _______ isn't supposed to eat ice cream, is ok. There is a veterinary hospital a few blocks away _______ they can check if the cat is alright.
whose, which, where
When can a defining relative clauses be omitted? Give an example.
If they function as the object of the subordinate clause.
ex) The person (who/that) you met yesterday is named Julia.
Use future perfect simple and future continuous to describe your life in 10 years.
Example: I will have graduated from university, I will be working as a teacher, and I will be living in my own apartment.
By May, _____________ (visit) New York?
No, I ______________ (visit) yet because until May, I ____________ (live) Spain. However, in July, I ___________ (move) back to the U.S.
will you have visited
will not have visited, will be living in Spain, will be moving
Which punctuation marks goes on either side of a non-defining relative clause?
commas
That is the man _______ wants to run for senate. His main opponent, ______ has a lot of experience in politics, has many ads _________ run on TV. The candidates met for the first time on the day _______ they both went to the fair.
Bonus: What are second answers for the first, third, and fourth blanks?
who/that, who, that/which, when/that
What are Julia's plans for next year? Will Julia be in Spain?
Answer with two examples of future tense.
Julia is not sure what she will be doing. Julia might be in Spain.
Make predictions about the future.
For instance, flying cars, robots, and phones. Create four sentences.
Use future perfect simple and future continuous.
Example: In the future, we will not have invented flying cars. We will be driving normal cars. Our phones will have evolved and dogs will be talking. You will have graduated from high school.
The train leaves at 14:00, so it _____________ (leave) yet because it's only 13:30.
Great! When we are on the train, I ___________ (sleep). What __________ (you do)?
I _____________ (work) on my presentation. After an hour, I _________ (finish) my work.
will not have left
will be sleeping, will you be doing
will be working, will have finished
Name six relative clauses
Bonus: when do you use each of them?
who (people), which (objects, animals), when (time), where (place), whose (possession), that (people, animals, objects, time)
where, that/which, who, that/which
My friend Elizabeth, ________ loves to swim, __________ (compete) in a meet next month. By the end of this week, she __________ (practice) three times. She goes to a sports center ___________ has a pool with many lanes. I _____________ (not go) to the pool with her because I do not swim, but I ____________ (go) to the meet to cheer her on with a sparkly sign _________ I made.
who, will be competing, will have practiced, which/that, will not be going, will be going, which/that