Vocabulary
Spender
Donor
Cell membrane
A thin, flexible layer around the cell, that controls which substances can enter or exit the cell.
In which two parts is the cell cycle seperated.
How many percentage each?
Interphase & Mitosis (90/10)
Which identical bodycells are produced by men and women?
Sperm cells and egg cells also called gametes.
Leihmutter
surrogate mother
Nucleus
Control center of the cell, contains DNA
In which state replicates the cell its DNA?
Synthesis
Where does meiosis takes place?
In the ovary of the women and in the testicles of the men.
Kernhülle
nuclear envolope
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
In which order are the phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
What happens in the replication process with the number of chromatids?
It goes from 46 to 92 chromatids.
Doppelstrang DNA
Double stranded DNA
Karyogram
shows the chromosomes of an organism in homologous pairs of decreasing length.
What happens in the Telophase?
The chromosomes are on the complete opposite ends and new nuclei are formed to make new cells. (Cytokinesis is responsible for the final separation into two cells by spreading the cytoplasm.)
Whats the difference between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2?
At meiosis 1 the homologous chromosomes are in pairs.
At meiosis 2 there are only the paired chromatids.
Zellverschmelzung
Cell fusion
Golgi apparatus
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Explain the Interphase with all its steps.
The first phase is the cell growth 1: The cell grows individually and checks if the DNA inside is damaged.
The GO resting state is when the cell doesn't divide anymore.
When the cell replicates is DNA we call it synthesis.
The last step in the Interphase is the cell growth 2. The cell grows more and makes proteins and organells in preparation for mitosis.
Why does the chromosome set of gametes look than the one of somatic cells?
Because of recombination and independent assortment in meiosis, each gamete contains a different set of DNA.