Social Structure
What term describes the upper class of land-owning citizens in ancient Greece?
Aristocracy
What is the name for the ancient Greek temple dedicated to the goddess Athena in Athens?
Parthenon
What is the architectural style characterized by slender, fluted columns with decorative capitals?
Doric
Who was the highest-ranking official in the Roman Republic?
Consul
What ancient Greek philosopher is often credited with laying the foundations of Western philosophy?
Socrates
Who did most of the labor in ancient Greece?
Slaves
What style of Greek pottery is known for its black figures on a red background?
Black-figure
What type of ancient Greek temple has columns with both Ionic and Corinthian elements?
Composite
What term describes the period of Roman peace and stability that began with Augustus?
Pax
What Greek mathematician devised the lever and screw as simple machines?
Archimedes
What term refers to the wealthy and influential class of citizens in ancient Rome?
Patricians
What term describes the art technique of creating images or designs using small pieces of colored glass or stone?
Mosaic
What Roman architectural feature is a large open space, often surrounded by colonnades?
Forum
What type of government was practiced in Athens, where citizens directly participated in decision-making?
Democracy
What Roman architectural innovation allowed for the construction of large domes, like that of the Pantheon?
Concrete
What word describes the lowest class of Roman citizens, often consisting of laborers and freed slaves?
Plebeians
What type of Roman art involves painting on wet plaster, often seen in Pompeii and Herculaneum?
Fresco
What is the term for the arched, tiered structure used in ancient Roman aqueducts?
Arcade
What style of government was used in Sparta?
Oligarchy
What Roman legal code formed the basis for many modern legal systems and is often associated with the phrase "an eye for an eye"?
Twelve Tables
Which city-state treated women in society better, Sparta or Athens?
Sparta
What Roman architectural feature is a round opening often found in the center of a dome?
Oculus
What iconic Roman building is known for its large, elliptical arena and hosted gladiatorial contests?
Colosseum
What style of government was used in Rome?
Republic
What Roman engineering innovation allowed the construction of large, elevated aqueducts?
Arches