Roman Military
How did Rome manage to travel and conquer such huge territories?
Roman Roads that were built as straight as possible.
What military formation did Greeks use the most? What did it look like?
What does separation of powers mean?
It is a Roman government policy where no one person has all the power, allowing the two kings to 'veto' eachother's potential lawmaking.
What were some ways that Romans got around mountains and rivers when building their straight roads?
Bridges and Tunnels
Where are most Greek City States located?
By the sea
What are some examples of Roman weapons and their names?
Catapult
Ballista
Gladius (Sword)
Scotum (Shield)
Hasta (Short Spear)
Pilum (Long Spear)
What are sieges?
They are a way of surrounding a city state and preventing them from accessing food or fresh supplies.
Why do we use Latin and Greek for medical and scientific terms?
When it comes to scientific and academic topics, many first looks into scientific study came from this era.
We also use Latin/Greek because, as dead languages, they’re less likely to have words change meaning over time.
What were some of the problems with Greek Bathrooms?
- Rats
- Explosions from methane gas buildups
- The Sponge Stick
What is Agoge?
Is it the Spartan military training tactic that brutally pulled seven year olds into the military for some fifty years.
Property Taxes
Income Tax
Import and Export TaxesIn the Battle of Thermopylae, how were the Greeks able to hold off the Persians despite their small numbers?
Three hundred men formed a barricade at the narrow crevice with a stiff cliff face and used the Greek battle formation to keep off the Persian army.
What is the significance of 4ft 8 ½ inches?
Two Horses Butts - It has been shaping travel in Europe and America for generations, all the way up to space travel!
How did Romans get water from lakes and reservoirs to the cities?
Aqueducts!
What are the Ekklesia, Deketeria, and Boule? What are some of the jobs they had?
EKKLESIA: An assembly that would meet 40 times a year to propose new laws and manage foreign policy.
DIKASTERIA: The court in which citizens could argue for their case in front of 500 judges chosen from a daily lottery.
THE BOULE: Each year, 500 citizens would be chosen by lottery to serve on a council. This council handled daily affairs and chose the subject matters for the Ekklesia.
How many people were in a centuriata, a cohort, and a legion in the Roman military?
Centuriata: 80-100 Men
Cohort: 400 - 480 Men
Legion: 4,200 - 6,000 Men
What were two ways Alexander the Great able to maintain such a large empire?
People were able to keep their ways of life + Any rebellion was harshly put down
Where are some places that we can see the influence of Roman culture?
Government
Planets
Months
Architecture
Language
What were some of the ways that the Colosseum or the Circus Maximus was used?
Gladiator fights
Animal Hunts + Animal Fights
Mock Naval Battles (naumachia) using aqueducts
Chariot races
What is a polis?
Polis: the community structure of ancient Greece. They were centers of trade, commerce, culture, and political activity. → “city states”
Describe the three main types of military strategies Romans used and when they would use them.
Triplex Acies: Three lines of soldiers, with the less experienced soldiers at the front and the more experienced ones in the back. For hills and movement.
Orb Formation: This was used when soldiers were surrounded. Soldiers would make a defensive barrier by creating a circle of shields.
Testudo: Romans would use this formation while approaching fortresses or under heavy arrow/javelin fire.They would shields surrounding them on the front and on top- and sometimes on all sides- to provide them cover.
Why do we think the Spartans were able to defeat the Athenians in the Peloponnesian War
- They allied themselves with the Persians
- The Athenians suffered from a deadly plague that killed off a huge chunk of their civilization and some key generals.
How are modern day alphabet and languages influenced by the past?
Family Language Trees
The ancient Greek Alphabet is the ancestor of all modern alphabets from Europe. The Romans spread it far and wide while they conquered.
What were some ways that enslaved people were abused in order to maintain the might of the Roman Empire?
- Kept fires lit in cramped conditions in Bath Houses
- Sewers
- Fought in coliseum battles
Compare and contrast Sparta and Athens. What are three differences? What is one similarity?
Athens: Democracy
Less rights for women
Focus on science, philosophy, and the arts
SPARTA: Ogliarchy
More rights for women
Focus on military
Athens + Sparta both have Athena as a patron goddess