Greek Gods
What term is used to describe the Greek religion, meaning they have many gods?
Polytheistic/Polytheism
Who was Homer? What did he write?
A Greek poet who wrote the epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey
Who were Socrates' students who also became famous philosophers?
Plato and Aristotle
Where was Alexander the Great originally from?
Macedonia
What is architecture?
Art and design of creating structures and buildings.
What is the name of the most important gods in the Greek religion? And how many of them are there?
Olympians. 12 Gods.
Describe the main cyclops in The Odyssey.
Giant, one-eyed monster/man. Son of Poseidon. Named Polyphemus.
What is a Volute and a Capital?
Volute: Scroll/swirly design on Ionic column
Capital: Fancy, decorative top to a Corinthian column
Name 4 places Alexander the Great adds to his empire.
Asia Minor, Egypt, Persia, Babylon, parts of India
What materials would the Greeks use to build most buildings? Why?
Stone, Marble, Wood
Durable/Beautiful
What did the Greeks believe the gods had control over?
All aspects of daily life.
- Eris, goddess of discord, not invited to party
- Golden apple -- "for the fairest"
- Fight amongst Aphrodite, Hera, Athena -- Paris chooses Aphrodite
- Doric -- simple, sturdy, plain
- Ionic -- slender, beautiful, volutes at top
- Corinthian -- decorative, leafy capital
What was the Peloponnesian War?
- War between Athens and Sparta
- 27 years long
- Led to Athens defeat and weakening of Greece
- Opened door for Macedonia to invade
What does the word "Philosophy" mean? What do philosophers do?
- Means "love of wisdom"
- Ask questions of the world, people, ideas.
Which gods were brothers and had Cronus and Rhea as parents?
Zeus, Poseidon, Hades
Describe the Trojan Horse. Why was this a good strategy for the Greeks?
Wooden, large as a house. Filled with Greek soldiers. Trojans did not know they were inside -- they thought they won the war.
What is Neoclassical architecture? Give an example.
Creating new buildings that mimic Greek architecture.
White House, Capitol Building, Lincoln Memorial...
What happened after Alexander's death?
What was Socrates charged with? How did he die?
- Charged with "corrupting the youth" and "impiety"
- Sentenced to death -- drinking hemlock
List 10 Greek gods and what they were the god of.
Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis, Ares, Dionysus, Apollo, Hermes, Hephaestus, ...
Explain the strategies used to trick and escape the Cyclops.
- Got the cyclops drunk on wine, told him Odysseus' name was "Nobody"
- Stabbed him in the eye --> "Nobody is hurting me"
- Rode underneath the sheep out of the cave so the cyclops could not feel the men
What was the Delian League? What did it turn into?
- Alliance between Greek city-states, led by Athens
- Agreed to pay Athens in exchange for protection
- Became the Athenian Empire
How did Alexander control his vast empire? Provide 3 strategies.
- Respected peoples religions/cultures
- Building "Greek cities" with temples, theaters, agora, stoa, gymnasium, grid patterns streets
- Introduced Greek laws and government
Why do we use Greek architecture in the United States for our most important buildings? What does it symbolize?
Represents democracy and freedom, which the Greeks (Athens) promoted. Equality and justice for all peoples.