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Greek Battles
Greek People
Greek People
Greek People
Persia
100
Macedonian king, born 356, died 323 BC. Son of Philip II, he defeated Darius III, and went on to unprecedented military campaigns throughout Asia and northeast Africa. His empire stretched from Greece to northeast Africa to northwest India. He was undefeated in battle.
Who is Alexander the Great?
100
Wrote the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, likely in the 8th-9th century BC.
Who is Homer?
100
Greek philosopher and mathematician. C2 = A2 + B2
Who is Pythagoras?
100
Philosopher in Greece, lived 470-399 BC. He himself did not write, but his philosophy became well known through his portrayal in Plato's dialogues. This philosopher was known for encouraging individuals to continue to ask "why," to seek knowledge about themselves. The "Socratic method" of teaching involves asking questions. He was charged with wrongdoing, and put on trial, and convicted. During the sentencing phase of the trial, his attitude virtually ensured a death sentence, which he fulfilled by drinking hemlock. The real reason for opposition to him may have been (1) his general skepticism about direct democracy and (2) his refusal to pursue condemnation of the naval soldiers who had won the Battle of Arginusae (during the Peloponnesian War) but had failed in the aftermath to rescue ships and soldiers.
Who is Socrates?
100
Last ruler of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia; ruled 336-330 BC empire was unstable because of unreliable and disloyal satraps, and popular discontent. Defeated by Alexander the Great. He was killed not by Alexander, but by fellow Persians, disappointing Alexander, who had hoped to capture him alive.
Who is Darius III?
200
Father of Alexander the Great. Conquered most of Greece, including an alliance of Thebans and Athenians (in 338 BC); also conquered the Scythians to the north.
Who is Philip II of Macedonia?
200
Slaves in Spartan territory (although the term may also refer to individuals who had a status somewhere between freemen and slaves). These individuals always outnumbered the slaves, so Spartans were often focused on keeping them oppressed. These slaves could sometimes earn freedom through military service.
What are helots?
200
Ancient Greek historian, lived from 460-400 BC, emphasized facts more than Herodotus did. Wrote a narrative of the Peloponnesian War. He also included Pericles' Funeral Oration. This historian dismissed Herodotus as a "story teller". He believed that the behavior of individuals and communities was driven by self-interest.
Who is Thucydides?
200
A student of Socrates, this philosopher was in turn Aristotle's teacher. He lived from 428-347 BC. He wrote in "dialectic" (dialogue) form, as if the narrator or others were debating or discussing (with Socrates). Wrote The Republic, which criticized democracy through the narration of Socrates; democracy, this philosopher argued, was "full of variety and disorder, and dispensing a sort of equality to equals and unequaled alike.” This philosopher founded the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the world.
Who is Plato?
200
King of Persia who presided over the failed invasion of Greece in 480 BC. Carried on the invasion of Greece, following the efforts of his father Darius the Great. Known as over-confident; watched the Persian defeat at the naval Battle of Salamis.
Who is Xerxes the Great?
300
This King (559-530 BC) was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia). He was known for his tolerant approach to provinces.
Who is Cyrus the Great?
300
Longest lasting democratic leader of Athens. Lived 495-429 BC. Well known for his Funeral Oration. Died as a victim of the plague, during Peloponnesian War. Supporter of democracy. Very supportive of Athenian building (Parthenon) and arts/culture, but his (suspected?) use of Delian League funds to support projects for Athens (rather than for the defense of Delian League members) sparked resentment and led eventually to the Peloponnesian War.
Who is Pericles?
300
Ancient Greek historian, lived 484-425 BC known as the "father of history." Although his works combined fact with myth, he was the first to collect materials systematically and critically, and arrange them into a narrative. The Histories told the story of the Greco-Persian Wars.
Who is Herodotus?
300
Greek philosopher and scientist, he was a student of Plato who tutored Alexander the Great. He lived from 384-322 BC. He founded the Lyceum, a school in Athens. This philosopher focused on the functionality of things—if things fulfilled their purpose, they were "good". The purpose of humans was to reach well-being, through habit, and by avoiding both excess and deficiency ("the golden mean"). Citizens could, through political acts, achieve this kind of well-being. This philosopher fled Athens after Alexander's death, as anti-Macedonian sentiment in Athens grew.
Who is Aristotle?
300
Persian king who began the invasion of Greece, after the Ionian Revolt. Died shortly after the Battle of Marathon (490 BC); his son Xerxes would continue the efforts to conquer Greece.
Who is Darius the Great?
400
Persian king who ruled 522 to 486 BC. He began the invasion of Greece, after the Ionian Revolt. Died shortly after the Greek victory at the Battle of Marathon; his war against Greece was re-launched by his son, Xerxes the Great.
Who is Darius the Great?
400
Father of medicine, lived 460-370 BC, credited with greatly advancing clinical medicine, and developing a system of medical ethics ("first do no harm").
Who is Hippocrates?
400
Comic playwright of ancient Athens, the "Father of Comedy." Lived 446-386 BC. Was known for mocking a tragedian, Euripdes, and also mocked Socrates, as a leader of decadent intellectualism. His play The Clouds was singled out by Plato as a work that may have contributed to the trial and death of Socrates.
Who was Aristophanes?
400
Itinerant (wandering) professional teachers and intellectuals who frequented Athens and other Greek cities in the second half of the 5th century BC. In return for a fee, these individuals would offer young wealthy Greek men an education in virtue or excellence. Plato's Dialogues (which are narrated by Plato as if one is interviewing Socrates) was very hostile toward the sophists. The term "sophistry" has come to mean the deliberate use of false reasoning, or oversimplification.
Who were sophists?
400
Founder of the monotheistic religion in Persia known as Zoroastrianism.
Who is Zoroaster?
500
This was a 480 BC naval battle in the Greco-Persian war, won by Greece, lost by Persia. King Xerxes of Persia watched, anticipating victory, as his forces lost the battle.
What is the Battle of Salamis?
500
This playwrite lived from 496-405 BC. was an ancient Greek tragedian (writer of tragedies). He is best known for his plays "Oedipus" and "Antigone".
Who is Sophocles?
500
A Greek writer and playwright, primarily known as the founder of Greek Tragedy. Lived 525-436 BC.
Who is Aeschylus?
500
One of the great tragedians of Athens. Euripides was mocked by comedic writers (Aristophanes), much like his associate Socrates. Euripides may have spent the last years of his life in Macedonia.
Who is Euripides?
500
The founder of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia). Noted for his tolerance toward conquered peoples.
Who is Cyrus the Great?