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Six Sigma Potpourri
100
What are the four main elements of a project charter?

Problem Statement

Objective Statement

Stakeholders/Champions

Project Scope

100
What are 2 estimates of process variability?

Range

Standard Deviation

100
What must be true about your data in order to use the individual and moving range chart?
Data must be time ordered
100
How do you define value added?
Something the customer is willing to pay for
100
What is the definition of six sigma and where did it come from?

3.4 defects per million opportunities

Motorola

200
What are the elements of a good problem statement?

It should be SMARTY.

Contain what we have but do not want (or want but do not have).

Be quantifiable if possible.

Be concise (no more than 3-4 sentences).

Contain a business impact.

200
What questions does standard deviation answer?
On average, how far away am I from the mean?
200
What 3 things does an I-MR chart look for in your data?
Shifts, drifts, special causes
200
What is the definition of lean?
A systemized approach to eliminating waste
200
What is a stakeholder and what should you do at the start and throughout your improvement projects?

Stakeholder - Anyone that can affect or will be affected by the project.

Stakeholders should be initially assessed and a communication plan should be created ensuring adequate touch points throughout the project life.

300
When would you use a product / process family matrix?

To determine which are to best work on.

Also shows all possibilities and combinations.

300
What % of the population are covered with +/- 1 standard deviations? +/-2? +/-3?
68, 95, 99.7
300
What is the 80/20 Rule? Why can this be helpful when trying to scope a problem?

80% of the data comes from 20% of the groups

Tells you what to work on by focusing on the biggest contributors.

300
What is the acronym used to recall the 8 deadly wastes and what are they?

T - Transportation

I - Inventory

M - Motion

T - Talent

W - Waiting

O - Overprocessing

O - Overproduction

D - Defects

300
What are the 3 main deliverables in the Measure Phase?

1. Identify what outputs you are going to measure.

2. Make sure you can measure these outputs consistently. Apply operational definitions where appropriate.

3. Baseline the process.

400
Name 3 reasons we should assess the Voice of the Customer?

1. Make sure you are working on the right thing

2. Deliver what is expected

3. Ensure that the work we deliver is what they want

400
It takes Ken 21 minutes on average to drive home with a standard deviation of 5 minutes. What is the probability that he can be home in less than 30 minutes?

Z = (30-21)/5 = 1.8

Z(1.8) = 0.96407 or 96.4%

400

Draw an I-MR chart showing both a shift and special cause.

I-MR chart has 1 point above the UCL on the Moving Range chart depicting a shift. I-MR chart has 2 points above the UCL on the Moving Range chart depicting a special cause.

400
What is the difference between over processing and over production?

Over processing - Adding more work to a product or process than the customer requires

Over production - Producing more parts than the customer needs

400
What are the 4 elements of a detailed process map?

1. Process Steps

2. Lists of Outputs

3. List of Inputs

4. Label inputs as control / noise

500
What are 2 systems for capturing VOC? Provide 2 examples of each system.

Proactive - Focus Group, Interview, Surveys

Reactive - Sales, Warranty, Complaints

500

Two Processes (A, B) are put together to make Process C. What is the probability that the total time is greater than 8.75 hours?

Process A: Average = 3, Std. Dev. = 0.60

Process B: Average = 4.5, Std. Dev. = 0.80

Average (A,B) = 7.5

Std. Dev. (A,B) = sqrt[(0.6)^2 + (0.8)^2] = 1

Z = (8.75-7.5)/1 = 1.25

Z(1.25) = 0.895

Area to the right is 10.5% (1-.895)

500

Draw the Individual and Moving Range charts that show an obvious drift.

Individual Value Chart shows points continuously moving in one direction. Moving Range Chart has mostly small values.

500
What 5 lean principles directly support process quality improvements?

1. Standard Work

2. Flow

3. Mistake Proofing

4. Performance Measures / Visual Controls

5. Employee Engagement

500
What is a Thought Map? What are 3 benefits to using a Thought Map?

A Thought Map is a means to collect the questions needed to solve the problem.

1. Communication to management

2. Knowledge Transfer

3. Guide day to day activities