Important Terms
Plant Cell Biology
Roots
Stems
SURPRISE
100
_______ cover and protect undeveloped leaves, stems, or leaves during dormancy.
Bud Scales
100
The stomata is opened and closed by a pair of ____________. When water is plentiful and light is shining, the guard cels are pumped full of water. This causes the cells to push apart, creating an opening to allow gases to exchange.
Guard Cells
100
A single, main root.
Primary root
100
Buds located along the sides of a stem.
Lateral buds
100
The fusion of sperm (pollen) with an egg.
Fertilization
200
What is chlorophyll?
A green pigment that absorbs light and is a key component of the photosynthetic process.
200
One of the two main types of plants. They have xylem and phloem scattered throughout the stem and tend to have narrow leaves. (Ex: lilies, iris, spider plant)
Monocots
200
What is a lateral root?
-Extend horizontally from the taproot
-Extract nutrients and water from the soil
-Increase surface area
200
Conductive tissue of the stem in which food is made in the leaves is transported to the rest of the plant.
Phloem
200
The points on a stem where the buds, leaves, and branching twigs originate.
Nodes
300
The pores or openings in the epidermis that allow the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
Stomata
300
Chemical activators with specific jobs. They break down sugars, and recombine them with nitrogen.
Simply put, They encourage chemical reactions to take place. These are called _____________.
Enzymes
300
A smaller root that branches off the primary root.
Secondary roots
300
The large bud at the tip of a stem.
Terminal bud
300
Reproduction that involves flowers and seeds.
Sexual Reproduction
400
What are adventitious roots?
Roots that begin growth from the stem or from the leaf. They add additional support to the plant.
400
What is respiration?
The process of the energy stored in glucose converting to ATP. (The process of the plant using its stored food)
400
What types of roots grow directly downward?
Taproots
400
Is the stem below herbaceous or woody?
Woody
400
What type of root system anchors the plant better? Fibrous or taproot?
Fibrous
500
Short, flattened stems that bear fleshy food storage leaves. (ex: tulips)
Bulbs
500
What types of cells are found in plants and animals?
Eukaryotic
500
What type of root system is found in grasses?
Fibrous
500
What is a acaulescent stem?
It has no obvious stem above or below ground.
500
One of the two types of plants. ______ have xylem and phloem in a ring within the stem. (Ex: hydrangea, chrysanthemum)
Dicots
600
The movement of water vapor through stomata.
Transpiration
600
Name the organelle that is described below.
-Is located near the nucleus
-Packages proteins and carbohydrates for export from the cell.
-Modifies proteins and lipids before distributing them
Golgi Apparatus
600
A mass of cells on the rot tip that protects the root from coarse soil.
Root cap
600
True or False: Xylem is always alive.
False: New xylem tissues are produced each year. Older xylem die and create "rings"
600
A ________ is a horizontal shoot of the plant that grows just below the surface.
Rhizome
700
What does turgid mean?
Tissues full of water.
700
Which organelle is described below?
•Are small organelles found in large numbers in the cytoplasm
•Create proteins from amino acids
•Can only be seen with an electron microscope
•Composed of two subunits containing RNA and proteins
Ribosomes
700
An enlarged food storage root with adventitious shoots.
Root tuber
700
A monocot.
700
A short, swollen, underground stem. (Ex: Gladiolas)
Corm