Vertebral Column & Back
Spinal Cord & Peripheral Nerves
Axilla
Shoulder & Arm
100
list all the regions of the spine and the number of segments in each
cervical - 7
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5
sacral - 5 (fused)
coccyx - 4 (fused)
100
areas of skin associated with a single spinal level
dermatomes
100
name the axillary sheath contents
brachial plexus
axillary artery
axillary vein
100
which joint is the only connection of the upper limb to the axial skeleton?
sternoclavicular joint
200
what is the name for a dorsal convexity in the thoracic and sacral regions, and what is the name for a dorsal concavity in the cervical and lumbar regions?
convexity: primary/kyphotic curve
concavity: secondary/lordotic
200
about what vertebral level is the conus medullaris found?
L1/L2
200
name the 4 branches of thoracoacromial artery and the 2 branches of subscapular artery
thoracoacromial:
pectoral
deltoid
acromial
clavicular
subscapular:
circumflex scapular
thoracodorsal
200
what provides active stability to the glenohumeral joint?
rotator cuff muscles
300
what is the articulation angle of the cervical articular facets that join two vertebrae?
45º
300
T1-S5 spinal nerves emerge ___ the associated vertebra
below
300
which spinal levels of the brachial plexus contribute to the thoracodorsal nerve?
C6, C7, C8
300
list the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint
anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
costoclavicular ligament
interclavicular ligament
400
list 3 functions of annulus fibrosus
-resist rotation + disc compression
-push out waste
-pull in nutrients
400
what forms the brachial plexus roots?
C5-T1 ventral rami
400
list the 6 branches of the axillary artery in order from proximal to distal and specify which section they branch from
1st section:
superior thoracic artery
2nd section:
thoracoacromial artery/trunk
lateral thoracic artery
3rd section:
subscapular artery
anterior circumflex humeral artery
posterior circumflex humeral artery
400
which joint is involved in shoulder separation?
acromioclavicular joint
500
what acts as the shock absorber of the vertebral column?
nucleus pulposus
500
which two locations are 95% of lumbar herniations located?
L4/L5 or L5/S1
500
which arteries form the scapular anastomosis?
dorsal scapular
suprascapular
circumflex scapular
intercostal
500
which muscle holds the scapula against the thorax?
serratus anterior
600
list the 5 vertebral ligaments
-anterior longitudinal ligament
-posterior longitudinal ligament
-ligamentum flavum
-interspinous ligament
-supraspinous ligament
600
where is spinal anesthesia injected?
subarachnoid space
600
what passes through the quadrangular space?
axillary nerve
posterior circumflex artery
600
list the rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
700
what 3 actions does the trapezius have on the scapula?
elevation
depression
retraction
700
name the two structures that are made up of pia mater
filum terminale
denticulate ligaments
700
which spinal levels and peripheral nerve sensory innervate the medial forearm?
C8, T1
medial antebrachial/forearm cutaneous nerve
700
which muscle starts the first 15º of shoulder abduction and is the most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle?
supraspinatus
800
latissimus dorsi innervation and function
thoracodorsal nerve
extension and adduction of humerus
800
what flexors and extensors are contracted and inhibited during a crossed extension noxious reflex?
contracted: contralateral hip and knee extensors
inhibited: contralateral hip and knee flexors
800
define scalenus anticus syndrome
when the branchial plexus is compressed by the anterior and middle scalene
800
how would you test to see if the supraspinatus tendon is being compressed by the acromion and what is this issue called?
full can vs. empty can
shoulder impingement
900
list the 4 extrinsic back muscles and each of their innervations
trapezius - CN XI
rhomboids - dorsal scapular nerve
levator scapulae - dorsal scapular nerve
latissimus dorsi - thoracodorsal nerve
900
which spinal level innervates hallux extension?
L5
900
list the motor/sensory functions and spinal levels of musculocutaneous nerve
C5-C7
motor: anterior arm (biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis)
sensory: lateral forearm
900
which arm vein drains blood from the dorsal venous network of the hand?
basilic vein
1000
list the 4 intrinsic back muscles and each of their actions
splenius capitis and cervicis: cervical extension and lateral flexion
erector spinae: posture of vertebral column
transverso-spinalis: posture and rotation of vertebral column
1000
what are the myotome actions of C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1?
C5 – Shoulder abduction
C6 – Elbow flexion
C7 – Elbow extension
C8 – Finger flexion
T1 – Finger abduction
1000
median nerve supplies motor to the forearm and hand except for ___
flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus
1000
a patient has a fractured proximal humerus, which muscular compartment of the arm is most likely going to be affected based on the most vulnerable nerve in this region?
posterior compartment
(radial nerve)