Topic 1: Introduction to Cells and Biochemistry
A, T, C, G
What are nucleotides?
A structure that contains an amine group, a carboxyl group, and an R group.
What is an amino acid?
Acts as a catalyst making or breaking covalent bonds.
What is an enzyme?
This cavity can be found within an enzyme or protein that allows small molecules to bind to one another and interact.
What is a binding pocket?
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
What is the central dogma?
A mechanism used to determine whether or not an alpha-helix is amphipathic.
What is an alpha-helix wheel?
Catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group.
What is a kinase?
This type of local folding can be parallel or anti-parallel
What are Beta sheets?
Model organism with circular DNA
What is E. coli?
A self-assembling highly regular structure made of a single protein that is coded for by a virus.
What is a viral capsid?
A GTP-binding protein that facilitates binding to GTP and hydrolyzes it to GDP, releasing energy that can be used for cellular processes.
What is a RAS protein?
A process where a mutation is introduced into known genes to determine what traits are altered by changes.
What is reverse genetics?
DNA transfer from the genome of one cell to that of another
What is horizontal transfer?
The evolutionary process of joining preexisting domains in new combinations.
What is domain shuffling?
It marks protein for degradation through tagging the protein and to be recognized by the proteosome.
What is Ubiquitin?
A reaction combining two molecules into one with the release of a water molecule.
What is a condensation reaction?
Change in free energy that occurs in a reaction conducted under standard conditions.
What is Gibbs Free Energy?
The covalent bond that forms between an amine and carboxyl group in an amino acid that prevents rotation.
What is the omega bond in an amino acid?
A type of enzyme that can change their activity in response to the binding of a molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.
What are allosteric enzymes?
The flexible bond angles that form on either side of the alpha carbon in an amino acid.
What are phi & psi angles in an amino acid?