Topic 4
This bond connects one sugar to the next in DNA.
What is a phosphodiester bond?
In DNA replication, it catalyzes the linkage of nucleoside monophosphate into the growing strand.
What does DNA polymerase do?
A DNA element that defines the transcription start site.
What is a promoter?
This codon, also known as the amino acid methionine, is primarily involved in initiating translation.
AUG
Structure consisting of tightly bound DNA around histones forming repeated arrays of DNA-protein particles.
What is a nucleosome?
It is primed by short RNA primers that are subsequently erased and replaced by DNA.
How is the DNA lagging strand replicated?
Type of guide RNA responsible for targeting rRNA precursor modifications.
What are snoRNAs (small nucleolar RNAs)?
One of the most important steps in translation is elongation, which is essentially growing the polypeptide chain. This step starts in one of the three sites of the ribosome.
What is the A site?
The two chromosomes that contribute to the formation of globin in hemoglobin.
What are chromosomes 11 and 16?
It has an RNA template, recognizes the tip of an existing telomere DNA repeat sequence, and elongates it in 5’ –to- 3’ direction.
What is a telomerase?
The structure that results in RNA when a DNA encoded terminator is encountered during RNA synthesis.
What is an RNA hairpin duplex?
This family or group of enzymes are largely responsible for synthesizing accurately reading of the genetic code for the process of translation and protein synthesis.
What are aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?
This protein complex prevents heterochromatin spread by blocking the reader-writer complex.
What is barrier DNA-protein complex?
One of the frequent reactions that creates serious DNA damage in the cell by converting Cytosine to Uracil.
What is deamination?
The polymerase domain that undergoes post-translational modifications.
What is the RNA Polymerase II C-Terminal Domain (CTD)?
During translation, there is a specific mechanism that is responsible for ensuring that mRNAs are instantly removed from the sequence because they are carrying premature stop codon.
What is Non-sense Mediated mRNA Decay?
Heterochromatin spreading over neighboring Euchromatin at different extents creating expression and silencing of genes over multiple generations.
What is positive effect variegation?
RecA in E. coli and Rad51 in virtually all eukaryotic organisms facilitate this key step in Homologous Recombination
How is Strand invasion facilitated?
A class of proteins that is able to remain associated with mRNA during transport to cytoplasm and mark it as correctly spliced.
What are exon junction complex proteins?
These are a type of proteins that are involved in many RNA matters such as alternative splicing and the stabilizing of mRNA.
What are hnRNPs (heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoproteins)?