What is ventilation?
Breathing in and out, moving air to and from the lungs
What is the diaphragm?
It is a primary muscle that separates the thorax and abdomen and helps with breathing.
What is inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation: air enters the lungs while the thoracic volume increases and the diaphragm moves down.
Exhalation: air leaves the lungs while the thoracic volume decreases and the diaphragm moves up.
Finish the Line: When the diaphragm contracts...
Why is respiration important to speech breathing?
Respiration is important in speech production because air is the main power source in order for sounds to be produced.
What is respiration?
It is the exchanges of gasses within the lungs
This is the lower respiratory tract pathway air follows after the upper airway: starting with the trachea and ending where gas exchange happens.
What are the trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli?
In a closed system, like when the larynx/upper airway is closed, this law explains why volume and alveolar pressure move in opposite directions, double volume → half pressure.
What is Boyle's law?
What are the internal intercostal muscles responsible for?
During forced expiration, it depresses (lower) the ribs, decreasing the thoracic cavity and pushing air out of the lungs. They are important for controlled expiration in speech.
What muscles are active during speech breathing?
External and internal intercostals, abdominal muscles, and the diaphragm.
This is the volume of air you breathe in or out during a normal, quiet breathing cycle.
What is tidal volume?
What skeletal structures are apart of the respiratory system?
clavicle, sternum, ribs, pelvic girdle, scapulae, and vertebral column
Compared with resting breathing, running speech breathing has a faster inspiration and a slower expiration, partly because speech sounds “valve” airflow in the upper airway.
What is the pattern of speech breathing (quick inhale, prolonged controlled exhale)?
When this muscle contracts, its dome flattens and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity’s vertical dimension and lowering intrapulmonary pressure so air flows in.
What is the diaphragm?
What is speech breathing and how is it influenced?
It is 10% inhalation and 90% exhalation, it is an adaptation for a means to communicate. The longer exhalation allows for control to power speech. Speech breathing can be influence by body positions because gravity can affect the relaxation pressure, resting level and the mechanical advantages of the chest wall.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
IRV is the extra amount of air from the lungs after a respiration cycle.
What are the alveoli?
It is located in the lower respiratory tract, they are small sacs of air and this is where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
What is decreased intrapulmonary pressure?
It is when there is a drop in air pressure within the lungs. In essence this pressure change allows for air to flow into the lungs, INHALATION.
These primary inspiratory muscles sit between the ribs; when they contract, they elevate the rib cage, expand thoracic volume, and help draw air in (especially useful for speech breathing).
What are the external intercostal muscles?
Speech breathing flips the timing compared with life breathing: only about this much time is spent inhaling, and the rest is controlled exhalation to power speech.
What is 10% inhalation and 90% exhalation?
What happens during gas exchange?
Gas exchange occurs when oxygen from the alveoli is moved into the blood. Carbon dioxide is then transferred from the blood back to the alveoli.
What is the arytenoid cartilage and where is it located?
The arytenoid cartilages control the vocal cords position thus opening and closing the airways. They are located in the larynx on top of the cricoid cartilage.
Explain how expiration changes when it comes to quiet breathing and speech breathing.
During quiet breathing exhalation is passive because of the elastic recoil occuring in the lungs. Expiration becomes active during speech breathing because abdominal muscles are engaged which control airflow and pressure needed for speech to be produced.
What is intercostal and abdominal muscles and their function?
There are external, internal, and innermost intercostal muscles.
The abdominal muscles consist of the rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, and obliques.
These muscles work together to control expiration by stabilizing the rib cage and regulating lung volume.
During conversational (running) speech, the target alveolar pressure for a breath group averages around this value, so muscular pressure must be added to relaxation pressure.
What is about 8 cmH₂O?