DNA, Chromosomes, & Genome
a highly condensed chromosomes in a dividing cell, in which are most easily visualized.
What is Mitotic Chromosomes?
These specialized cells undergo meiosis to produce gametes, ensuring the continuation of genetic information from one generation to the next.
What is Germ Cells?
The 5' cap of mRNA and this other part of mRNA are not encoded by DNA.
What is the 3' poly-A tail?
Machinery that catalyzes protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
Highly condensed region that makes up 40% of the genome.
What is Heterochromatin?
This enzyme synthesizes the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the growing chain during DNA replication at the replication fork.
What is DNA polymerase ?
This feature of ribose allows for the removal of introns during RNA splicing
What is a -OH group on the 2' Carbon?
A consecutive sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA.
What is a codon?
It changes the path of the DNA as it exits the nucleosomes aiding in chromatin packaging.
What is H1 linker histone?
Reversible nuclease that attaches itself to the DNA phosphate backbone breaking the phosphodiester bond in a DNA strand.
What is a DNA topoisomerase?
This nuclear biomolecular condensate structure contains all of the components necessary for ribosome synthesis.
What is the nucleolus?
The amino acid that charges transfer RNA.
What is methionine?
Some combination that are known to have a specific meaning for a cell that determines how and when the packaged DNA is accessed or manipulated.
What is a histone code?
The main source of energy for the mechanical work performed by DNA helicase during replication.
What is ATP hydrolysis?
What is TFIID?
The elongation factor that is equivalent to prokaryotic ETFU.
What is EF1?
What is Purifying Selection?
they have directly repeated long terminal repeats at their two ends when they are integrated into the chromosomal DNA.
What are retroviral-like retrotransposons?
This happens in response to superhelical tension when the DNA double helix opening is hindered ahead of the RNA polymerase.
What is positive supercoiling?
The initiation factor that leads to the circularization of mRNA by binding EIF4E to poly-A binding proteins.
What is EIF4G?