Urban planning and design
What is the primary goal of zoning laws in urban planning?
To separate different types of land use, such as residential, commercial, and industrial areas.
Which city is famous for its extensive and efficient subway system, known as the Metro?
Tokyo, Japan.
What is the main goal of the LEED certification for buildings?
To recognize and encourage environmentally friendly and sustainable building practices.
Which international organization developed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that include targets for sustainable cities?
The United Nations (UN).
What term describes the process of affluent individuals moving into previously lower-income neighborhoods, often displacing long-term residents?
Gentrification.
Which city is known for implementing the concept of "garden cities" as part of its urban design?
Ebenezer Howard's concept was first implemented in Letchworth, England.
What is the main advantage of implementing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in urban areas?
BRT systems provide high-quality, efficient public transit at a lower cost than rail systems.
Which city is known for its extensive green roof initiatives to manage stormwater and reduce heat?
Chicago, USA.
What is the main function of a city council in urban governance?
To make legislative decisions, create policies, and oversee the administration of the city.
Which city is often cited as a prime example of successful public housing projects integrating diverse income levels?
Vienna, Austria.
What is the purpose of a comprehensive urban plan?
To guide the long-term development and growth of a city, ensuring sustainable and organized expansion.
Which urban transport innovation uses suspended gondolas to move people above ground?
Aerial cable cars or urban cableways.
What renewable energy source is commonly used in urban areas to reduce carbon emissions?
Solar power.
Which policy instrument is commonly used by cities to encourage the redevelopment of brownfield sites?
Tax incentives or subsidies.
What is the primary cause of urban homelessness in many cities?
A lack of affordable housing.
What does the term "mixed-use development" refer to in urban planning?
A development that combines residential, commercial, and sometimes industrial spaces within a single area or building.
What is the primary environmental benefit of increasing cycling infrastructure in cities?
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution from vehicular traffic
Which urban planning concept involves creating self-sufficient, resilient communities that can withstand environmental, economic, and social challenges?
The concept of "eco-cities."
What role does participatory budgeting play in urban governance?
It allows residents to have a direct say in how a portion of the municipal budget is spent.
Which economic theory suggests that cities with diverse economies tend to be more resilient to economic downturns?
The theory of economic diversity.
Which principle focuses on creating walkable neighborhoods with a variety of housing and job types?
The principle of New Urbanism.
Which city implemented the first congestion pricing system to reduce traffic in its central area?
London, England.
What is the primary purpose of urban green spaces like parks and community gardens?
To provide recreational areas, improve air quality, and enhance the well-being of residents.
Which act in the United States mandates citizen participation in urban planning processes?
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
What social issue does the term "urban poverty" specifically refer to?
The condition where individuals in urban areas live below the poverty line, often lacking access to basic services and opportunities.