Memory
What is 'Memory'?
Retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present.
What is 'Classical Conditioning'?
A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired.
What is 'Shaping'?
The process of training a learned behavior that would not normally occur. It is defined as a method of increasing behavior through reinforcement in a process of successive approximation.
What is a 'Schema'?
A mental structure to help us understand how things work.
What is 'Generalization'?
The tendency to respond in the same way to different by similar stimuli.
What is 'Clustering'?
The tendency for items to be consistently grouped together in the course of recall.
What is 'Operant Conditioning'?
Method of learning that uses regards and punishment to modify behavior.
What are 'Schedules'?
The rules that determine how often an organism is reinforced for a particular behavior.
What is 'Chunking'?
The brain divides significant details into more minor units making them easier to retain in short-term memory.
What is 'Ethology' the study of?
Animals
What is 'Storage'?
The state of an item that is retained in memory after encoding and before retrieval.
What is 'Reinforcement'?
Used to describe the strengthening of a situation or element; fundamental aspect of operant conditioning.
Bandura's Social Learning
What is a 'Script'?
A set of behaviors and instructions that a person uses to remember how to navigate a situation.
What is the difference between 'Fluid Intelligence' and 'Crystalized Intelligence'?
Fluid is reasoning ability and the ability to generate, transform, and manipulate different types of novel information in real time; Crystalized is reflected in a person's general knowledge, vocabulary, and reasoning based on acquired information.
What is 'Encoding'?
The conversation of a sensory input into a form capable of being processes and deposited in memory.
What is 'Punishment'?
Refers to any change that occurs after a behavior that reduces the likelihood that this behavior will happen again.
What is 'Spontaneous Recovery'?
The sudden appearance of a previously extinct conditioned response after the unconditioned stimulus has been removed for some time.
What is 'Method of Loci'?
Uses visualizations of familiar spatial environments in order to enhance the recall of information.
What are the three key abilities for 'Triarchic Theory of Intelligence'?
Analytical, creative, practical. Theory of intelligence in which three key abilities are viewed as largely, although not entirely, distinct.
What is 'Recency Effect'?
The most recently presented facts, impressions, or items are learned or remembered better than material presented earlier.
The gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing.
What are 'Token Economies'?
A behavioral modification system in which people earn tokens for displaying desired behaviors and later exchange these tokens for rewards and privilege's.
What is 'Metacognition'?
The knowledge and regulation of one's own cognition processes, which has been regarded as a critical component of creative thinking.
What is the difference between 'Elaborative Rehearsal' and 'Maintenance Rehearsal'?
Elaborative involves thinking about the meaning of an item to be remembered and Maintenance involves repetition without any consideration of meaning or making connections to other information.