Group 4: Lung CA, ARDS, Guillain Barre, Myasthenia Gravis

Lung Cancer

100

Most common cause of Lung Cancer

Cigarette smoking

200

3 Subdivisions of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC)

1) Squamous (epidermoid) cell carcinoma 

2) Adenocarcinoma 

3) Large cell carcinoma

300

Fastest vs. Slowest growing carcinoma

Fastest = Small cell carcinoma

Slowest = Squamous cell carcinoma

400

Define each stage of the Cancer TNM staging system

T = Represents the size and location of the primary tumor

N = Denotes the regional lymph node involvement

M = Signifies the extent of metastasis

500

List 4 of the Major/Structural changes associated with bronchogenic carcinoma (There are 8 in total)

1. Inflammation, swelling, and destruction of the bronchial airways

2. Excessive mucus production

3. Tracheobronchial mucus accumulation and plugging

4. Airway obstruction

5. Atelectasis

6. Alveolar consolidation

7. Cavity formation

8. Pleural effusion

ARDS

100

What is used as the diagnostic criteria for ARDS?

Berlin Definition of ARDS

200

What are the PaO2 goals and recommended strategies for most patients with ARDS?

55-80 mmHg

High RR

Low tidal volumes

300

The clinical manifestations associated with ARDS usually appear within 6 to 72 hours of an inciting event and worsen rapidly. 

The patient typically presents with what? 

Name 4 signs/symptoms seen

Dyspnea

Cyanosis

Bilateral Crackles

Diaphoresis

400

In gross appearance, the lungs of patients with ARDS are heavy and red, beefy, or liverlike. 

The anatomic alterations that develop ARDS create a _______ lung disorder.

Restrictive lung disorder

500

Name 2 previous names for ARDS

Adult hyaline membrane disease

Capillary leak syndrome

Hemorrhagic pulmonary edema

Congestion atelectasis

Da Nang Lung

Guillain Barre

100

Full recovery from Guillain-Barre syndrome is expected in approximately what percentage of cases?

Approx - 80% to 90%

200

How does Guillain-Barre Syndrome cause paralysis?

It prevents the ability of the neurons to transmit impulses to the muscles

300

What are some clinical manifestations of Guillain-Barre Syndrome? (Name 2)

1. Weakness

2. Paresthesia

3. Paralysis

4. Hypotonia

5. Areflexia

6. ANS dysfunction

7. Pain

8. SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)

9. Respiratory failure

400

What type of autonomic dysfunctions occur with Guillain-Barre? (Name 2)

1. Fluctuating BP (Hyper to Hypo and vice versa)

2. Decreased cardiac output

3. Bradycardia/tachycardia

4. Anhydrosis/diaphoresis

500

What is another name for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP or CIDP)

Myasthenia Gravis

100

Name the structural changes of the lung with poorly managed Myasthenia Gravis

1. Mucus accumulation

2. Airway obstruction

3. Alveolar consolidation

4. Atelectasis

200

What is the hallmark sign of Myasthenia Gravis?

Chronic muscle fatigue

300

What is the first noticeable symptom of Myasthenia Gravis?

Weakness of the eyelid (Droopy eyelid) and a change in the patient's facial expressions

400

The major demerit of the ice pack is that it's only useful when?

Ptosis is present

500

A PFT may be performed to help with?

Patient ventilatory status and possible ventilatory failure