Topic 8: Control of Gene Expression I
This step of eukaryotic gene expression control selectively destabilizes certain mRNA molecules in the cytoplasm.
What is mRNA degradation control?
These genes regulate vital cellular processes and are present at basal levels in all cell types.
What are housekeeping genes?
This type of bond links the fatty acid chains to the glycerol carbons in glycerophospholipids.
What are ester bonds?
Flow rate in synthetic lipid bilayer is determined by the concentration difference and this other factor.
What is the permeability coefficient?
This organelle is joined with the nuclear envelope.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
The major phospholipid of the ER that is comprised of choline, two fatty acids and glycerol phosphate.
What is phosphatidylcholine?
This structural motif consists of a dimer of 2 α helix monomer forming a coiled coil.
What is a leucine zipper?
This type of gene regulation avoids the production of unnecessary intermediates and is the rate-limiting step of gene regulation.
What is transcriptional control?
The process by which phospholipids migrate between the monolayers of the phospholipid bilayer.
What is flip-flop?
This gradient transports a charged solute by combining its concentration with the membrane potential.
What is electrochemical?
The pores on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum will only open in with this present.
What is the ER signaling sequence?
A class of phospholipids found in myelin that can lead to the hypomyelination of nerve cell axons when present in deficient levels.
What are plasmalogens?
This produces transient exposure of DNA at the end of nucleosome, allowing the binding of a transcription regulator.
What is nucleosome breathing?
A DNA sequence 5-12 nucleotides in length that controls transcription.
What is a cis regulatory sequence?
These functional membrane domains are formed by protein-protein interactions and are characterized by the concentration of specific lipids and proteins.
What are lipid rafts?
This class of pump primarily pumps small, inorganic molecules.
What is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter?
These are non-membrane enclosed molecules that are formed around multivalent scaffold molecules such as proteins and RNA. An example of this is the nucleolus.
What are bimolecular condensates?
A mitochondrial translocator that is required for all protein transport across the outer membrane of the mitochondria and into the intermembrane space.
What is the TOM complex?
This modification is resistant to transcription and is associated with both constitutive and facultative heterochromatin.
What is H3K9me3?
H3K27me3 is also resistant to transcription, but it is associated with only facultative heterochromatin.
A type of transcriptional regulator that works on promoters that either cannot or will not properly position RNA polymerase on their own.
What is an activator?
This transmembrane protein allows the passage of water through the membrane by forming a tetramer with a hydrophilic core.
What is the aquaporin water channel?
This predicts the resting membrane potential using the equilibrium potential and ion concentration differences across a membrane.
What is the Nernst equation?
This is the protein within the ER that has 4 amino acid retention signal.
What is an ER resident protein?
The adaptor protein binds the NLS of cargo protein and also binds to the import protein to form this.
What is a tripartite complex?
This DNA element prevents the spread of heterochromatin by preventing enhancers from acting on promoters.
What is an insulator?
Barrier sequences prevent heterochromatin from spreading into genes that need to be expressed, while insulators prevent a distant cis-regulatory region from acting on the wrong gene.
These DNA sequences regulate gene expression by dividing the genome into independently regulated domains by mediating the formation of chromatin loops.
What are insulator sequences?
This rod-like membrane structure in human red blood cells helps to maintain membrane shape, structural integrity and allows the cell to resist the stress of movement through capillaries.
What is the spectrin-based cytoskeleton?
This type of receptor is an mediates brief, immediate excitatory or inhibitory signaling of neurotransmitters.
What is an ionotropic receptor?
These are the proteins that act as chaperones to proteins that have not folded within the ER.
What is Calnexin and Calreticulin?
This amino acid is the site of glycan attachment in N-linked glycosylation.
What Asparagine?