Introduction
What does HIPVs stand for?
Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles
What are the names of the different cultivars used?
Christmas Drumhead, Rivera, Badger Shipper, Lennox
Which specific cultivar was identified as the most attractive to primary parasitoids?
Christmas Drumhead
Which group of organisms parasitizes primary parasitoids?
Hyperparasitoids
Brassica oleracea
How did they test that plant odors mediate differences in hyperparasitism?
Y-tube olfactometer (using plants infested with parasitized caterpillars)
How did the rates of superparasitism, multiparasitism, and hyperparasitism vary relative to plant attractiveness?
The rates of all were positively correlated with plant attractiveness
What are the primary risks faced by parasitoids that follow more attractive HIPVs?
For parasitoids, what is intrinsic competition?
When two parasitoids parasitize the same host and their larvae compete inside the host.
How were the authors able to discriminate between the eggs of C. glomerata and C. rubecula?
C. rubecula eggs are twice as large, and the third instar larvae have mandibles.
What finding is communicated by Figure 2, which tracks the percentage of caterpillars parasitized by both primary parasitoids?
Caterpillars on the most attractive cultivar (Christmas Drumhead) were multiparasitized significantly more often than those on any other cultivar
Which specific idiom was used by the authors to describe the dilemma parasitoids face when responding to the most prominent plant odors?
"between a rock and a hard place"
What is the fitness cost of superparasitism for C. glomerata?
How many C. glomerata eggs did a caterpillar have to have in it to be considered superparasitized?
> 35
What finding is illustrated by Figure 4, which depicts the relative abundance of parasitoids?
Parasitoids on more attractive cultivars had higher rates of hyperparasitism and a greater diversity of hyperparasitoids
To avoid high-competition sites, some parasitoids like C. glomerata have evolved the ability to discriminate and prefer plants under attack by which types of hosts?
Unparasitized