TBI and the body
What are the body systems affected by a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?
Cardiopulmonary, vascular, musculoskeletal, elimination, gastrointestinal, metabolic/endocrine, reproductive, skin, infection, sleep, and neurological.
Distinguish between short-term memory and working memory.
Short-term memory holds information briefly
Working memory actively processes information
What are the three main categories of TBI symptoms?
Physical/Somatic, Behavioral/Emotional, and Cognitive/Communication.
True or False: Cardiopulmonary complications are not associated with increased mortality and morbidity.
False
When can complications involving the heart and respiratory system arise?
Immediately, chronically, or as late complications.
What is cognitive reaction time, and why is it significant in TBI recovery?
The time it takes to process and respond to information. Delays can impact learning and environmental interactions.
How do impairments in executive function impact social communication?
They affect memory, attention, processing speed, planning, organizing, and prioritizing, which are crucial for communication.
Name one gastrointestinal complication that can occur in TBI patients.
GERD or swallowing difficulty.
Name two types of musculoskeletal complications that can occur in TBI patients
Fractures and spasticity.
What role does working memory play in processing and task completion?
It enables temporary storage and active manipulation of information for problem-solving, decision-making, and multi-step tasks.
Why do deficits in executive function make problem-solving harder for TBI patients?
They impair goal-setting, decision-making, and strategic thinking.
What are the two phases of swallowing most affected by TBI?
Oral and pharyngeal phases.
What part of the brain must be impacted to cause gastrointestinal complications?
Hypothalamus.
What is procedural memory, and how does it differ from cognitive skill memory?
Procedural memory involves unconscious recall of actions, while cognitive skill memory is used for problem-solving.
What cognitive skills are essential for maintaining effective social communication?
Attention, memory, processing speed, organization, and planning.
True or False: A study found that 90% of severe TBI patients had disorder rates early after injury.
Name two metabolic or endocrine disorders a TBI patient may present with.
Metabolic syndrome, hypothalamic-pituitary changes.
Define explicit memory and differentiate semantic and episodic memory
Explicit memory is consciously recalled knowledge. Semantic memory is general facts. while episodic memory is personal experiences
How does impaired executive function hinder daily life activities?
It disrupts task initiation, organization, and follow-through, affecting independence.
How do elimination complications present in TBI patients?
As urinary tract infections