Terms
Two or more individuals interacting together to achieve the same goal
Group
Involves issues of separation and termination. Ideally members have reached their goals and have no further unfinished business.
Stage 5: Final stage
Issues: feelings about termination (saddens, anxiety)
Also know as mourning as called by (B.Tuckman)
Focus of these groups is to return members to healthy, full functioning
Tertiary Groups
May be called counseling or therapy groups. Ex:clients with PTSD
Leader structures, suggests limits and norms, and provides direction.
Executive Leadership Function
Leader is active in terms of pacing, blocking, stopping.
The group composition where the members are very similar or alike
Homogeneous
Govern acceptable behavior and group rules
Group norms
Challenging and questioning the leader. Fights between members can occur, a hierarchy among other members develops
Stage 3: Transition
Issues: anxiety, conflict, resistance
(also know as the control stage or storming stage).
Allows no members after the group begins.
Closed Group
A group that is generally conducted over a weekend or over several days
Marathon Group
Uses the approach that after an extended period of time defenses and facades will drop and the person can become honest, genuine and real
Occurs when a leader uses an intervention to stop a negative behavior, which could hurt another group member or the group as a whole
Blocking
Development and interaction of the roles between and among members of a group
Group dynamics
Group members are screened and selected. Identifies goals and purpose of the group
Stage 1: Pregroup
Issues: Planning, prepping and recruiting
Preventing problems and developing healthy behaviors
Primary Groups
May be called guidance or psychoeducational groups (Ex: school programs on drugs or AIDS)
Characterized by warmth, acceptance, genuineness, and concern
Caring
Leader is honest, open; leader promotes growth Of trust.
Scapegoating
Due to a shortage of individual Therapists during World War II (the personnel shortage made it impossible For everyone to be treated by individual therapy)
Group therapy
Orientation and structuring of group process. Identifying goals, expectations and ground rules.
Stage 2: Initial
Issues: Inclusion, identity, establishing cohesion and trust
Also known as forming (B. Tuckman) or orientation (Yalom)
Allows for new members to join after the group begins. Membership is generally more stale as new members can be added when others drop out
Open Group
Encouraging the expression of feelings, values and beliefs; deep emotional concerns.
Emotional Stimulation
Leader uses confrontation, challenge, self-disclosure; and models behaviors.
An attempt to bring together common patterns or themes within the group
Linking
Prior to the 1960’s most counseling took place
In a dyadic relationship (a unit of two people)
Group is now productive with less dependence on the leader. Self-exploration increases. More focus is on the here-and-now. Group members help each other.
Stage 4: Working
Issues: cohesion, effective working groups, using resources within the group.
Also know as norming from (B. Tuckman)
Preventative and remedial elements in these groups. Focus is to reduce the length or severity of a problem.
Secondary Groups
Can be called counseling groups. (Dealing with grief, adjusting to a death problem solving.)
Leader provides cognitive understanding Of the events in the group; experiences are named and feelings are put into words.
Meaning attribution
Leader interprets, clarifies and explains
A group member who insists on asking other members inappropriate questions is known as a peeping Tom or
An Interrogator