Infants/Toddlers
Describe object permanence
An infant knows that an object still exists even though it is out of sight or hidden.
How would a nurse explain the purpose of a temper tantrum to a caregiver?
Temper tantrums are the toddler's attempt to gain control over a situation. Temper tantrums are a normal part of development. It is important to not indulge the toddler during the temper tantrum.
Discuss how peer pressure can affect the school-age child
Peer pressure is beginning to take effect, acceptance by their peers is very important at this age
Pubertal delay would be identified in a female if what has failed to occur by age 16?
Menses/menarche
How can the nurse encourage healthy food behaviors for toddlers, preschoolers, school-age, and adolescents?
Avoid using food as a reward, offer a variety of food, eat at standard times
At what age does the birthweight double?
What gross motor skills are expected for an 18-month old?
Runs clumsily and falls often; Throws a ball overhand; Jumps in place with both feet; Pulls and pushes toys; Walks independently
Discuss pedestrian safety for a school-age child.
Always walk on a sidewalk, look both ways before crossing the street, do not play near cars or behind cars
What is the leading cause of death in adolescents?
How long is head circumference measured?
Until age 2
What are the signs/symptoms of teething?
Increased sucking on hands, irritability and awakening from sleep, refusing to eat, placing objects in mouth
What information could the nurse provide about injury prevention for a toddler?
Provide the child with age-appropriate toys, avoid small objects, place locks on cabinets where medications or chemicals are stored, do not leave the child unattended around water.
Imaginary play, cooperative play, creative play
What factors increase the adolescent's risk of suicide?
Discuss the anatomic differences in the upper airway in infants compared to adults
Nasal passages are narrower; Bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and narrower; Tongue is larger; Significantly fewer alveoli
The anterior fontanel should close by 18 months
What gross motor skills are expected for a 3-year old?
Rides a tricycle, jumps off a bottom step, stands on one foot for a few seconds
How can a caregiver prepare the preschooler for school?
Talk about school as an enjoyable experience; Keep a routine; Ask about what they learned in school
What anticipatory guidance can the nurse give the caregivers of a teenager related to sleep?
Sleep habits change during puberty due to increased metabolism and growth. As they grow, their sleep needs will increase.
Correctly order Piaget's 4 stages of development
Sensorimotor; Preoperational; Concrete operational; Formal operational
What education can a nurse give a parent to reduce the risk of SIDS?
Offer a pacifier during naps and when the infant is asleep, place the infant supine in the crib, remove items from the crib, including blankets and toys.
Discuss car seat safety for a 2-year old.
The toddler should be in a rear-facing car seat in the back seat
How can the caregiver of a 4-year-old improve their child's sleep hygiene?
Establish a bedtime routine and a wake-up routine.
Discuss the impact peers have on adolescents self-perception
Adolescents become part of a group. This group greatly influences their behavior and self-perception.
Correctly order Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Trust vs. Mistrust; Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt; Initiative vs. Guilt; Industry vs. Inferiority; Identity vs. Role Confusion