Infants
What is the age range for infants? What Erikson's
stage of development are they in?
Age Range: Birth-18 months
Stage: Trust vs. Mistrust
What is the age range for toddlers?
What stage of development are they experiencing?
Age: 18 months-3 years
Stage: Autonomy vs Shame/doubt
What is the age range for our preschoolers?
What stage of development can we meet them at?
Age: 3-5
Development: Initiative vs Guilt
What age and stage of development can we meet school-aged kids at?
Development: Industry vs Inferiority
What age and stage of development can this age group be met at?
Age: 12-18 or 12-20 if Erikson
Development: Identity vs Role Confusion
The infant weighed 9 pounds when they were born... What is the correct amount of wight they should've gained by 4-6 months, or by the end of the first year?
4-6 Months: Double birth weight (18lbs)
One year: Triple their birth weight (27lbs)
What form of play to toddlers experience?
-solitary
-Parallel
-Associative/Interactive
Toddlers experience parallel play.
Rationale: Infants experience solitary play and preschoolers experience interactive/associative play
What type of mindset do these kids have? Why does that make it difficult to have them involved in group play? How many things can a 3-5 year old focus on at one time?
- The average preschooler is very egocentric meaning they have a "me perspective."
-This makes group play hard because they don't often want to share with one another
-Can only focus on one aspect of something at a time
-What need increases dramatically in this age group?
-What does this age group often lose/gain?
-nutritional needs increase dramatically due to rapid increase in size
-They loose their baby (deciduous teeth) and gain their adult ones
What is most important in this age group not regarding autonomy?
-Their peers are most important and they need to leave the house more often
What is object permanance?
When the baby cannot understand that something still exists even when the object is no longer in sight.
Ex: Parent leaves the room and the baby cries because they think the parent has left forever and is not coming back.
What physical and cognitive milestones do toddlers reach?
What age can they follow simple instructions?
Physical: Potty training, walking, running
Cognitive: Sensorimotor to preoperational stage, early language, rudimentary (basic) problem solving skills.
(Follow simple instructions like sit down at 2 years old)
Cognitively, how do we see this age group thinking? What sort of reasoning do they display?
-Transductive Reasoning: Cause and effect. (Grandma visits while it's raining, meaning grandma made it rain)
Cognitively, where can we meet these kids at? Meaning, What type of thinkers are they and what age does that occur? What concept do they learn?
-These kids develop their Concrete operational phase around age 7
-They learn the concept of conservation (They understand that a hospital gown is really more of a robe than a ball gown, or that a cat isn't really getting a scan, but they are.)
What main thing begins at this stage?
-Puberty... All organs are fully matured meaning they can begin receiving adult dosing of meds
By 3-6 months, the infant should be able to do what? What should they be able to play with?
6 months: Roll from back to belly/sit with assistance
In general: Play with rattle toys, soft animals, or easily graspable toys
Psychosocially, where do our toddlers meet us?
What toys work best for this group?
-Trust relationships
-Develop autonomy
-Parallel play
-Enhance motor skills
-Imitate behaviors (Play kitchen while mom cooks)
Toys:
-Dolls
-Play food
-Blocks
-Sandbox
-They take things very literally.
Ex: A hospital "gown" in our head is a ball gown in theirs
-Cat scan: Scanning a cat
-Little stick: They think of an actual stick
How do they view sexuality? Who influences their knowledge of sexuality the greatest in this stage? What should they be taught about appropriate vs inappropriate touch?
-They need info about bodily changes
-They need to know that they won't look like barbie or the rock
-Their friends are their biggest source of knowledge on this topic (make sure us as the parent are educating)
-They need to be taught what is appropriate and not appropriate when it comes to touch. If they feel they are being touched inappropriately, then they need to tell MULTIPLE people, not just one.
What type of thinking does this group acquire? What age does that start? What does this mean?
-Formal Operational development... meaning they can hypothetically think... starts at age 11
-They can abstractly think
By 6-9 months, what should the infant MOST likely be playing with? (Toys or games)
Large blocks
Toys that pop open/reconnect
Push-pull toys
Peek-a-boo
Interactive Games: This little piggy, Patty Cake, etc
What is this time period the best for concerning communication?
Roughly how many words should this population be able to speak?
-This time is the best for the child to learn two languages because this is when their vocab will expand the largest
-This population will be able to speak roughly 1000 words!
How many steps of directions should our preschoolers be able to process?
-3 steps
Concerning play, how do these kids view play (what do they understand about it) and who all is involved (what desire do they have more)?
-These kids understand team rules and how a team works
-They have an increased desire to spend time with their friends
What is an expectaion for this group behaviorly?
-They tend to rebel against authority to establish their independence
-They will likely break rules