Physical Milestones
At what age would you expect a childs molars to erupt?
6 years old
Who is the theorist who splits the preschool period into the preconceptual and intuitive section?
Piaget
Rectal
How can you prevent tooth decay, cavities and fluorosis?
Brush and floss daily; use pea-sized toothpaste
The leading cause of death for children ages 1-14 (which includes the age range of preschoolers)
What is accidental injury?
When would a child begin to walk with proper form (heel to toe)?
5 years old
What is an important developmental task that occurs during this stage with imagination?
Differentiating it from reality, and developing complexity
Appropriate pain scale for a 3-year old whose nonverbal?
What vaccines will a 4yo. expect to get?
MMRV: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella
Tdap-IPV: tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, polio
Optional- live attenuated influenza
Storing medications, cleaning products, and other household chemicals out of reach or in a secured place can help to prevent this type of accidental injury
What is poisoning?
How much weight does a child in this age group normally gain each year?
4-5 lbs
How do preschoolers learn right and wrong and develop their conscience?
They learn right and wrong based on punishment and start to feel guilty when they do something wrong.
Will counting abdominal breathing for respirations in a 6-year-old be accurate?
No, beginning at age 6, there is an increase in diaphragmic breathing and abdominal breathing disappears. Count their chest rise/falls instead.
How much sleep should preschoolers be getting each day and list 3 sleep hygiene actions for a bedtime routine
11-12 hours of sleep
- no sugar or caffeine in the evening
-no stimulating activity before bed
- no screen time 2 hours before bed
- do relaxing activities: bath, story, song
These are effective interventions that can be used to reduce the risk of accidental injury for preschoolers (list 1-2)
What are: family counseling on accidental injury prevention, making changes to the home environment according to the different development stages of children, and identifying risk factors
What are examples of improved dexterity at 4 years old?
Holding a pencil, brushing their teeth and holding a fork.
Considering their vivid imaginations, what is a communication strategy that should used with preschoolers?
Speaking clearly, without medical jargon and telling them what to expect so they don’t take the wrong things literally and get scared.
Ex. “I’m going to take your blood pressure”
Name a pain scale you can use for a 4-year-old who is not developmentally delayed.
Simplified Faces Pain Scale
Faces-Revised Pain Scale
How can parents prevent the development of overweight and obesity?
remain positive and patient during structured mealtimes
ensure child has access to healthy food choices and limited access to high-calorie nutrient-poor food so child can learn to self-regulate
be good role models by eating fruits&veg and limiting screen time during meals
encourage energetic play/physical activity in the daytime
Scalding injury is a type of burn injury that can easily occur within the home from hot drinks that get spilled or from tap or bath water that it too hot. This is the maximum temperature that the household water heater should be set to in order to prevent scalding injuries
What is 49 degrees celsius or 120 degree fahrenheit?
At what age does a child have 20/20 vision?
age 4
Based on how preschoolers like to play, what might be a good way of helping them get familiar with a new treatment or procedure?
Allowing them to observe, imitate and role-play on something like a teddy bear before it’s done on them.
Signs of developmental delay in a 5-year-old?
- Unable to separate from parents without ease
- Cannot build a tower of 6-8 blocks
- Cannot brush teeth, wash + dry hands, or undress efficiently
- Little interest in playing with other children
What are 2 ways to discipline intentional misbehaviour and how can you minimize misbehaviour?
Time out & removal of privilege
Clarify boundaries of acceptable vs inappropriate behaviour, praise and reward good behaviour, consistently enforce punishment for misbehaviour
Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk for children to develop these two infections
What are otitis media and respiratory infections?