INFECTIONS & STIs
The most common pathogen causing UTIs.
What is E. coli?
Flank pain, fever, and CVA tenderness point to this diagnosis.
What is pyelonephritis?
The most common pathogen causing pyelonephritis.
What is E. coli?
>90 mL/min with signs of kidney injury (hematuria, proteinuria)
What is Stage 1?
A 26‑year‑old woman presents with dysuria, urgency, frequency, and cloudy urine. UA shows leukocytes and nitrites.
What is an uncomplicated UTI?
This STI causes a strawberry cervix.
What is trichomoniasis?
The most common type of kidney stone.
What is calcium oxalate?
Pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, kidney transplant, or CKD make this type of pyelonephritis.
What is complicated pyelonephritis?
45-59 mL/min & 30-44 mL/min
What is Stage 3A and Stage 3B?
A 45‑year‑old male has sudden severe flank pain radiating to the groin. UA shows hematuria.
What is nephrolithiasis?
The reportable STI treated with ceftriaxone IM.
What is gonorrhea?
Gross or microscopic hematuria is the key finding for this GU cancer.
What is bladder cancer?
This test will show leukocytes, nitrites, and likely blood in pyelonephritis.
What is urinalysis?
60-89 mL/min
What is Stage 2
A 62‑year‑old smoker presents with painless gross hematuria.
What is bladder cancer?
Bilateral, symmetrical rash on palms and soles is seen in this STI stage.
What is secondary syphilis?
eGFR <60 for 3+ months defines this chronic condition.
What is chronic kidney disease?
First‑line antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis.
What are fluoroquinolones or Bactrim? Cipro 1st
15-29 mL/min
What is Stage 4?
A patient with suspected pyelonephritis who is immunosuppressed may need this additional test.
What are blood cultures?
Chronic UTI symptoms with negative cultures indicate this condition.
What is interstitial cystitis?
Urgency, frequency, and involuntary leakage describe this condition.
What is overactive bladder?
Medication prescribed for pregnant patients for UTI.
What is Cephalexin?
<15 mL/min or need for dialysis
What is Stage 5?
A patient has sudden rise in creatinine and decreased urine output.
What is acute kidney injury?