Urine trouble :)
What is normal GFR?
125 mL of blood per minute
What is acute kidney injury?
term used to describe slight deterioration in the kidneys to severe kidney impairment
Differentiate between AKI and chronic kidney disease
What is nephrosclerosis and what is the problem?
sclerosis of small arteries and arterioles of the kidney
may result in ischemia and necrosis of the kidney
Prerenal= things that cause a reduction in renal blood flow
intrarenal= things that cause direct damage to the kidney tissue
postrenal= things that involve mechanical obstruction in the flow of urine
what are the top two causes of chronic kidney disease
What is nephrotic syndrome
results when the glomerulus is excessively permeable to plasma protein, causing proteinuria that leads to low plasma albumin and tissue edema
NAME THAT CAUSE, AKI STYLE :)
heart failure, contrast dye, dehydration, prostate, acute glomerulonephritis, BPH
prerenal, intrarenal, prerenal, postrenal, intrarenal, postrenal
Which lab is the best indicator of kidney function and what GFR signals something is wrong and needs monitoring
Creatinine is best indicator of renal impairment, GFR less than 60 should signal problem
what are 3 signs and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome? Bonus 100 points if you get the 3 that are most important
Periperal edema, proteinuria, hyperlipidemia
HTN, hypoalbuminemia, foamy urine d/t proteinuria
What are the 3 phases of AKI
What GFR criteria indicates kidney failure?
increased creatinine x3 or GFR decrease > 75% or creatinine > 4mg per 100 mL (acute rise of >0.5 mg per 100 mL)
what medications would you give for a patient suffering from nephrotic syndrome?
diuretics for edema, ace inhibitors to decrease protein
what is sodium polystyrene sulfonate and what is its purpose
Kayexalate, removes excess potassium
What lab values are expected in chronic kidney disease
GFR- <60 for 3 months; hyperkalemia; decreased RBC; hypocalcemia; decreased vitamin D; hyperphosphatemia