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Urinary System
Dialysis
Testing & Treatment
Signs & Symptoms
Disorders
100
Is responsible for maintaining proper balance of the fluids, minerals, and organic substances necessary for life.
What is the urologic system?
100
Complications include fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, anemia, platelet abnormalities, and infection.
What is hemodialysis?
100
The 2 most common screening tests for kidney function.
What are BUN & Creatinine?
100
Symptoms include edema, dyspnea, and headache associated with hypertension.
What is chronic glomerulonephritis?
100
Is characterized by fever, chills, headache, malaise, nausea, vomiting, and pain the flank radiating to the thigh and genitalia.
What is pyelonephritis?
200
Regulates serum electrolytes, by filtration and reabsorption. Eliminates metabolic wastes. Regulates fluid volume by filtration, reabsorption and excretion.
What are the functions of the kidneys?
200
Prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal.
What are the 3 types of acute renal failure?
200
Used to evaluate kidney function and hydration status. High levels indicate poor kidney function, dehydration, or increased breakdown of body protein. Lower levels are found in severe liver damage, excessive hydration, and protein deficiency. Normal level is 10 to 20 mg/dL.
What is blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?
200
Hematuria and enlargement of affected kidney are major signs.
What is cancer of the kidney?
200
Is characterized by fever, chills, flank pain, widespread edema, visual disturbances, and significant hypertension; nursing implications include encouraging bed rest, low-protein and low-sodium diet, and administering antihypertensives, corticosteroids, and diuretics as ordered.
What is acute glomerulonephritis?
300
Holds urine; capacity varies from about 1000 to 1800mL.
What is the bladder?
300
A medical procedure fro the removal of certain elements from the blood; the process is based on the difference in rates of diffusion through an external semipermeable membrane or through the peritoneum.
What is dialysis?
300
To evaluate kidney disfunction when there are a larger number of nonfunctional nephrons. Is a waste product of skeletal muscle activity. Normal levels are 1.5 1.2 mg/dL depending upon gender.
What is serum Creatinine?
300
Gross hematuria, pain, or an enlarged mass in renal or bladder area.
What is symptoms of trauma to the kidneys?
300
Sometimes occurs after the glomeruli have been damaged by glomerulonephritis or some other disease. This damage results in increased membrane permeability adn exretion of protein and decreased serum albumin (hypoalbuminemia).
What is nephrotic syndrome?
400
Assists in the regulation of blood pressure.
What is renin?
400
This process involves shunting of the blood from the patient's vascular system through an artificial dialyzing system and return of dialyzed blood to the patient's circulation.
What is hemodialysis?
400
Weigh patient, take vital signs before and after treatment, measure I&O, use strict aseptic technique, and monitor for infection.
What are nursing implications for peritoneal dialysis?
400
Primarily seen in children and young adults, affects males more than females. Commonly occurs 2 to 3 weeks after a group A strep infection.
What is acute glomerulonephritis?
400
Associated with frequent urinary infections, inadequate fluid intake and concentrated urine, and urinary stasis. Sweet tea is a culprit.
What is renal stones?
500
Kidney function begins to lessen after age 45. Secretion of renin, aldosterone, and vitamin D activation decrease. Degenerative changes in the bladder muscles may lead to residual urine. Bladder capacity decreases. A decreased ability to concentrate urine leads to nocturia.
What are changes that occur in the urinary system with age?
500
Emphasis must be placed on asceptic technique regarding patient teaching in order to decrease occurrence of infection such as peritonitis.
What is peritoneal dialysis?
500
Used to visualize urinary structures or radiopaque stones.
What is kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)?
500
The major cause of end-stage kidney disease.
What is hypertension?
500
The normal flow of urine is obstructed. There is a potential backward flow of fluid into the renal pelvis.
What is hydronephrosis?