Specialized afferent arterioles called juxtaglomerular cells which contain the enzyme _____________ secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure
What is renin
100
Laboratory exam which determines the ability of the kidneys to rid the blood of non-protein nitrogen wastes and urea
What is BUN
200
Kidneys are located at which vertebral level?
What is first (1st) lumbar vertebra
200
A funnel-shaped part of the kidneys collecting the urine prior to its secretion through the ureters
What is the renal pelvis
200
The components of the nephron?
What is the glomerulus and collecting tubules (starting with the Bowman's capsule)
200
The three (3) phases of urine formation
What is filtration, reabsorption, secretion
200
A catabolic product of skeletal muscle contractions
What is creatinine
300
The location of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is
What is retro-peritoneal
300
A renal pyramid narrows into a renal papilla prior to emptying into the ______________
What is renal calyces
300
The collecting tubular system has 4 parts, the second part of which is the _________.
What is the Loop of Henle
300
Normal pH of blood
What is 7.35-7.45
300
Normal range of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
What is < 4ng/ml
400
Which kidney is higher in location than its opposite counterpart?
What is the left kidney
400
Bloodvessels and nephrons are predominantly located in the renal __________
What is the renal cortex
400
Responsible for the filtration part of urine formation
What is glomerulus
400
Abnormalities found in urinalysis
What is albumin, glucose, erythrocytes, ketones, leukocytes
400
A measure of urine concentration in which large values indicate concentrated urine and small values indicate diluted urine
What is osmolality
500
The covering of the kidneys is the _______________
What is the renal capsule
500
In the renal medulla one will find the majority of _______________
What is collecting tubules
500
Responsible for the secretion part of urine formation
What is the distal convoluted tubules
500
Carries urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder
What is ureter
500
A diagnostic procedure which makes use of a radionuclide substance taken up by the renal tubular cells or excreted by the glomerular filtrate