Protein Synthesis
Where does translation happen?
Ribosome in the cytoplasm
Karyotypes are pictures of:
Chromosomes
The Law of Superposition states that older organisms and rocks are found in:
Lower layers
The purpose of a punnet square is:
determine PROBABILITY of inherited traits
A pair of identical chromosomes in a karyotype (one from mom, one from dad) are called:
Amino Acids
Why is colorblindness more common in males than females?
Because it is an X-Linked trait.
Which supercontinent give us clues of the past and how both land and organisms have changed over time?
Pangea
In monkeys, long arms are dominant to short arms. If 2 heterozygous monkeys are crossed, what percent of their offspring will have short arms?
25%
What are the 4 evidences for plate tectonics?
Fossil evidence, glacier evidence, mountain ranges matching, continents matching like a puzzle
Pick up amino aids which are free in the cytoplasm and carry them to the ribosome, to the mRNA codon that matches their anticodon
Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA
D: GCAT, R: GCAU
D: Deoxyribose R: Ribose
D: Double Helix R: Single Helix
What are analogous structures & how are they evidence for the theory of evolution?
Similar FUNCTION, different STRUCTURE; show how organisms adapt in similar ways to similar environments
Hair texture is controlled by incomplete dominance- you can have Curly (CC), Wavy (CS), or straight (SS) hair. If a curly haired mom and a straight haired dad had a child, what would their offspring have?
4 Wavy haired offspring
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
Genes contain the codes for creating what type of structure
Proteins
Name 2 differences between meiosis and mitosis
- meiosis 2 stages, mitosis 1
- meiosis genetically unique daughter cells, mitosis genetically identical daughter cells
-meiosis no DNA replication, mitosis DNA replication
-Meiosis =Reproduction, mitosis = Replication
All of the genes in a population are known as the:
gene pool
Could a woman heterozygous with type A blood and a man homozygous for type B blood have a child with type A blood? - show your work
Two brothers have brown eyes, but different genotypes. What are their genotypes?
BB and Bb
What strand of mRNA would match with this strand of DNA?
ATGCAA
UAGCUU
The process in which alleles are exchanged during Meiosis I is called:
Crossing Over
A pelvic bone in a whale is an example of what type of structure. Is this evidence for common ancestry? Why or why not.
Vestigial Structure- yes, because it shows how whales were once more similar to land animals
Could a man with colorblindness and a woman who is not color blind have a daughter that is a carrier? If yes, how many?
Yes, 100% would be carriers
A male tiger has 30 chromosomes in each of it's sperm cells. What is the diploid number for tigers?
60 chromosomes
The protein responsible for generating the electrochemical pump in the human kidney is located on Chromosome 12. The DNA for this gene is 8,456 base pairs long, while the corresponding mRNA strand to create this protein is 6,873 base pairs long. Why would this be the case?
Introns get cut out, so the 6,873 base pairs represent the exons that code for the protein.
During meiosis, a cell that begins with 10 chromosomes will produce __________ haploid cells with _____ chromosomes each
4 haploid cells with 5 chromosomes each
An rabbit goes though a mutation making its fur white instead of brown. The environment it lives in is experiencing higher rates of snowfall every year, with snowpack remaining on the ground for longer. Explain VIDA
V- white & brown
I- the white fur is passed down to offspring
D- white furred rabbits survive in the snow better than brown
A- more white rabbits than brown rabbits will make up future populations
Show a dihybrid cross between two fully heterozygous cats with black fur that is rough
BbRr x BbRr
A aphid population infesting a rose garden are sprayed with a specific insecticide. After being sprayed, the number of surviving aphids were counted. The gardener noticed that in generation 2, 15% of aphids survived, where as in generation 8, 70% of aphids survived. Why might this be the case.
Aphids with a tolerance to that insecticide survived, passed down their traits, and now that adaptation is more prevalent in each successive generation.