These are the factors that influence the occurrence and distribution of disease in a population, including biological, environmental, social, and behavioral factors.
What are determinants (of health/disease)?
100
The study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations.
What is epidemiology?
100
A collection of people who share common observable characteristics, such as the inhabitants of a country.
What is a population?
100
The occurrence of new disease or mortality within a defined period of observation in a specified population.
What is incidence?
100
The three components of the epidemiologic triangle are agent, environment, and this third factor.
What is the host?
200
The occurrence, in a community or region, of cases of an illness clearly in excess of normal expectancy.
What is an epidemic?
200
A measurable attribute of a population, such as the average age of the population.
What is a parameter?
200
The number of existing cases of a disease or health condition, or deaths, in a population at some designated time.
What is prevalence?
200
This U.S. government body provides official population estimates used to define the denominator in rates, and is conducted every 10 years.
What is the U.S. Census Bureau (the census)?
200
This type of immunity, such as a newborn's protection from its mother, develops quickly but usually lasts only days to months.
What is passive immunity?
300
This English anesthesiologist showed that cholera was transmitted by contaminated water during an 1854 outbreak in London.
Who is John Snow?
300
This type of data is numerical and can be measured or counted, such as age, blood pressure, or number of cases.
What is quantitative data?
300
This mortality measure divides the number of deaths due to disease "X" by the number of cases of disease "X," times 100.
What is the case fatality rate (CFR)?
300
This NCHS survey has been conducted by interview since 1957 and tracks health status and access to care.
What is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)?
300
This term describes a person or animal that harbors an infectious agent without showing disease, serving as a potential source of infection, as with the famous case of "Typhoid Mary."
What is a carrier?
400
This scientist discovered the antimicrobial properties of the mold Penicillium notatum in 1928.
Who is Alexander Fleming?
400
This graph, often called an epi curve, plots the number of new cases of an illness by date or time of onset during an outbreak.
What is an epidemic curve (epi curve)?
400
This rate divides the number of infant deaths (aged 0-365 days) during a year by the number of live births that same year, times 1,000.
What is the infant mortality rate?
400
This CDC-administered telephone survey collects state-level data on health-related risk behaviors, chronic conditions, and preventive service use from U.S. adults.
What is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)?
400
This mode of indirect transmission involves an animate, living insect or animal, such as a tick or mosquito, that transmits disease when it feeds on a susceptible host.
What is vector-borne transmission?
500
This type of epidemiology examines causal hypotheses about the association between exposures and health conditions, often using natural experiments.
What is analytic epidemiology?
500
In this sampling method, every member of the population has an equal, known chance of being selected, which helps a study avoid selection bias.
What is random (probability) sampling?
500
Unlike the crude birth rate, this rate divides live births by the number of women aged 15-44 in the area, times 1,000.
What is the general fertility rate?
500
These routinely recorded life occurrences — including births, deaths, marriages, and divorces — form the basis of a data source maintained by state and local registrars.
What are vital events (vital statistics/vital records)?
500
In an outbreak investigation, this rate is calculated as the number ill divided by the number ill plus well, multiplied by 100.