Introduction
What does nuclear DNA mean?
Genetic Material
Used as a reference book.
Hair consists of two parts. What are those two parts?
Follicle and shaft
How many hairs must be collected to avoid inconsistencies during an investigation?
Burned two pigs. One was dead and the other was alive.
Alive pig - had ash in its mouth
Dead pig - had no ash in its mouth.
The husband did not have ash in his mouth; thus, he was dead before the fire happened.
Hair with intact and nuclear DNA can be considered what type of evidence?
Individual evidence
Surprise question
Freebie!
What type of protein makes the hair stronger and flexible?
Keratin
7 types of hair: Head, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, mustaches, body, and pubic hair.
What year and location did the US open its first crime?
Los Angeles in 1923.
Hair without its follicle cell is considered what type of evidence?
Class evidence
What was another title for the 1910 comprehensive study of hair, "Le Poil de L’Homme et des Animaux"?
Hair of Man and Animal
What are the three layers of the hair?
Cuticle, Cortex, and Medulla
What is the difference between Dye and Bleach hair?
Dye changes the color of the hair shafts
Bleach removed the pigment granules.
What are the three types of crime? Give me an example of each.
Infractions - Jaywalking, shoplifting, speeding, vandalism, and littering
Misdemeanor - DUI, public intoxication, and disorderly conduct
Felonies - Murder, rape, robbery, and arson.
What type of DNA can be traced down through the matrilineal relationships?
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
In what late 1800s case did scientists recognize the importance of hair analysis as trace evidence in criminal investigation?
The murder of the Duchesse de Praslin
Give me all the functions of the hair.
To regulate body temperature
Decreases friction
Protects skin from sunlight
Acts like a sense organ.
What type of cuticle do humans have that is different from that of a mouse or a cat?
Humans have an imbricate cuticle.
Mice have a coronal cuticle. Cats have a spinous cuticle.
Who was Edmond Locard?
Started the first police crime laboratory in France. Created the Exchange principle, which states that if two objects come into contact, they will leave traces.
Hair left behind at a crime scene can adhere to other surfaces and can be transferred to other locations.
What Locard's Principle of Exchange is this?
Locard's Secondary transfer principle
How did Dr. Sydney Smith solve the murder of an 8-year-old girl in 1934?
Using a comparison microscope to perform a side-by-side analysis
1. How can we use the cuticle in a forensic investigation?
2. What are the two melanin granules in the cortex that give the hair color?
3. How many groups are the patterns of pigmentation classified into?
1. The overlapping scales can make a timeline of drugs and toxins that were in your system.
2. Eumelanin and Phomelanin
3. There are five groups.
Tell me the difference between animal and human hair using the medullary index.
Animal - .5 or greater
Human- .33 or less
Direct - Eyewitness testimonies, Confession from suspect, and Audio/video recording of the act or crime.
Indirect - All physical evidence that requires the judge or jurors to make inferences about what transpired at the scene of the crime.