Important People
A prominent group of mixed race people who took part in the Haitian revolution (European and Black ancestry). They had enough wealth to make the petit blancs jealous. They were sometimes called affranchis or "mulattos".
Who were the free people of colour?
This Italian navigator who "discovered" an island in the Caribbean, in December 1492; soon after, the Spanish began enslaving the Indigenous populations of the Taino and Ciboney people. European diseases devastated these populations and when the originally Spanish colony was succeeded to the French, African slaves began being imported.
Who is Christopher Columbus
The condition that led to the Haitian revolution where some people had rights, and the ability to own land and other people were enslaved.
What is social inequality?
Haiti was the first colonial nation governed by this group of leaders.
Who are African descendent leaders.
The French, weakened by disease and fighting, signed over land to the USA in 1803.
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
The mostly African born people who worked in the fields and plantations, were treated brutally and often died of injuries.
Who are slaves
This is colony (that includes Port-aux-Paix and Port-aux-Prince settlements) was occupied by the French from 1659-1803. It started as a place being mined for gold by the Spanish and ended up being France's most prosperous "New World possession" exporting mostly sugar, and some coffee, cacao, indigo and cotton.
What is Saint-Domingue
Radical ideas about liberty from the French and American revolutions fueled discontent among this population.
Who are enslaved black peoples?
Haiti was the second colony to gain independence, after _______________.
What is the United States of America?
The disease that killed Leclerc.
What is Yellow Fever?
A military leader and former slave. He won many victories and named himself governor general or life.
Who was Toussaint Louverture?
This is the year all affranchis were granted citizenship by the French assembly.
Before this happened Vincent Oge lobbied the Parisian government for political reform and led an uprising in 1790; he was captured tortured and executed. The very wealthy affranchis were granted citizenship in May 1791
1792
The person who had the power to make decisions regarding governance, trade, and the enforcement of laws.
This power came from the French monarchy to the colony.
Who is the governor-general?
The first nation to have a successful slave revolt.
What is Haiti?
French landowners in Sainte Domingue, held all wealth, land, slaves and power before the revolution.
Who are the Grand Blancs?
Brother-in-law of Napoleon Bonaparte who was sent to bring back the old French regime over Haiti in December 1801.
Who was General Charles Leclerc?
The year Léger-Félicité Sonthonax, was sent from France to maintain order and offered freedom to slaves who joined his army; he soon abolished slavery altogether, a decision confirmed the following year by the French government.
When is 1793?
Intellectual factors and the writings of philosophers such as Voltaire and Rousseau are examples of this period in time; (was a cause of many revolutions).
What is the enlightenment?
These settlements, abundant during French rule, led to the land exploitation and abuse that impact current day deforestation and issues around resources in modern Haiti.
What are sugar plantations?
People of European descent who were mostly labourers and artisans, they didn't have enough money to be landowners.
Who were the petit blancs?
One of Louverture's most notable lieutenants who resumed the war against the French in 1802, and fought against them and the threat of re-enslavement; he treated with British captain John Bligh.
Who was Jean-Jacques Dessalines?
The year Toussaint conquered Santo Domingo, and in May of that year, he had himself named “governor-general for life.”
When is 1801?
The person who wanted to reinstate slavery to gain enough wealth to expand French territory. This person's actions continued to revolution moving the objective from abolishing slavery to creating Haiti as an independent nation.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
The amount of money France demanded Haiti pay them in order to recognize their independence. This wasn't finished being repaid until 1887, leaving Haiti suffering financially to this day.
What are 100 million Francs?
The right side of the island occupied by Spain.
What is Santo Domingo?