Chapter 1
What is psychology?
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior
What are the two types of research we covered in Chapter 2?
Applied, basic
What is a neuron?
A cell in the nervous system whose function is to receive and transmit information
What is synesthesia?
Condition where two senses are linked together. Ex- see sounds, taste touches.
Name a position in volleyball.
Setter, middle blocker, outside hitter, right side hitter, defensive specialist, liber
What is the definition of the scientific method?
The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research
What are the two variables in a research hypothesis?
(+100 if you can define them)
measured variables- numbers that represent conceptual variables
conceptual variables- abstract ideas that form the basis of research hypotheses
List the three divisions of the cerebral cortex.
Somatosensory, visual, auditory
What is transduction, and give an example?
Conversion of one form of energy into another. Coffee maker
What is an "action" term in volleyball?
Serve, hit/spike/attack, dig, serve-receive, block, set, assist, etc.
What is the highest level of explanation?
Social groups, organizations, and cultures
What are the 4 characteristics of a good theory?
General, parsimonious, provides ideas for future research, falsifiable
OR
Describes a behavior, makes predictions, has evidence, testable
List and define the 4 types of neuroimaging techniques.
PET scan- uses radioactive substances known as radio tracers to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes.
EEG- Detects electrical activity in your brain using small metal discs.
MRI- uses strong magnetic fields, gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body
fMRI- measures the small changes in blood flow that occur with brain activity.
What is the difference in bottom-up and top-down processing? Give an example.
Bottom up: small details to big picture. Requires no prior knowledge.
ex- cow picture, trash art
Top down: Big picture to tiny details.
ex- jumbled letters and still being able to read, trash art.
What is a penalty that is called in volleyball?
Double, foot fault, lift, throw, net violation, under the net, antenna
What is a major goal of psychology?
To predict behavior by understanding its causes.
List the 4 stages, ages, and key point of Piaget's stages of development
Preoperational- 2-7 years- symbolic thinking, speaking, imagination and intuition
Concrete operational- 7-11 years- time, space, quantity
Formal operations- 11+- theoretical, hypothetical, counterfactual
List the 8 parts of the endocrine system.
Thymus, pancreas, ovary, testes, adrenal gland, thyroid/parathyroid, pituitary gland, hypothalamus
What is a subliminal sensation? What are 3 examples of this?
How many total state championships does JA Volleyball have?
7
List the 5 psychological questions that we discussed.
List and define Freud's major concept
Human development focused on primitive/sexual nature:
ID- birth, immediate pleasure/gratification
Ego- first 3 years of life, experience demands and restrictions of reality
Superego- 3-5 years old, develops a conscious and values
List the 10 parts of the old brain and a quick description of each part.
brain stem- controls basic life functions, medulla- heart rate and breathing, pons- movements of the body, reticular formation- filters stimuli, thalamus- processes behavior and emotions, cerebellum- voluntary movement, limbic system- memory and emotions, reward/punishment response, amygdala- regulates perceptions/reactions to fear and aggression, hypothalamus- links nervous and endocrine system, hippocampus- stores long-term memory
Compare and contrast selective and divided attention. What other principle applies to selected attention? Give an example of each.
Selective attention is were your brain filters out sensations and focuses on what it thinks is important, where divided attention is where you divide your focus on different tasks. Cocktail party effect, where you can hear your name in a loud room but not the conversation next to you, and being on your phone while driving or studying two different subjects.
What is a set called in the stat book when a hitter gets a kill off of it?
An assist