Trauma
Reducing a bennett fx, apply pressure by abduction/adduction and pronation/supination
Abduction and pronation
Most common classification of thumb duplication
Type IV (@MCPJ)
What nerve travels deep to the posterior digastric muscle
Hypoglossal
1st brachial arch: Name main artery, 2 bony structures, main CN, 4 muscles
Maxillary artery
Maxilla, mandible, zygoma, incus and malleus
CN V
Muscles of mastication, anterior digastric, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid
Most common benign parotid tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma
Most common cause of tendon rupture in RA
Vaughan-Jackson syndrome (caput ulnae)
Most affected webspace in syndactyly
Third webspace
When do you want to perform secondary alveolar grafting in cleft palate? What ages is this typically between?
Mixed dentition, ages 8-12. Age >12 associated with worse outcomes
2nd brachial arch: Name main artery, 1 bony structure, main CN, 4 muscles
Stapedial artery
Stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid bone
Most of the outer ear -> all anti’s, remainder of helix, crura
CN VII
Muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric
Crypts of palatine tonsils
Most common malignant parotid tumor
MEC
Name 2 of 3 operative indications for mallet finger
Open injury, volar dislocation, involvement of >1/3 of joint surface or large bony fragment
Holt-Oram syndrome features (2 main systems affected)
H= heart and hand (radial/thumb deficiency)
Order of tooth eruption (first 4)
Upper first molar -> upper incisor -> lower 1st premolar -> upper canine
3rd brachial arch: Name main artery, 1 bony structure or additional structure, main CN, 1 muscle
Common carotid artery, internal carotid
Greater horn of hyoid bone
Inferior parathyroid, thymus
CN IX
Stylopharyngeus
Most common benign tumor of the upper extremity
Schwannoma
Dorsal fx dislocations: name the treatment for each:
1) stable when reduced involving <30 degrees of joint;
2) unstable involving <50% of joint;
3) unstable involving >50% of joint
1) extension block splinting;
2) volar plate arthroplasty;
3) hemihamate arthroplasty
Describe Blauth thumb hypoplasia classifications I-V and name surgical reconstruction of choice for II-V
I=mild hypoplasia
II=thenar muscle hypoplasia, first webspace narrowing, UCL insufficiency
Opponensplasty, webspace deepedning, UCL reconstruction
III=bone deficiency; a) stable CMC, b) unstable CMC
a) opponensplasty b) pollicization
IV=floating thumb
pollicization
V=absent thumb
pollicization
Medialization of the carotid arteries is a part of what syndrome?
DiGeorge
4th brachial arch: Name main artery, main CN, 2 muscles
Aortic arch, right proximal subclavian
CN X
Laryngeal constrictors, levator palatini, cricothyroid muscles
Superior parathyroids, thyroid C-cells
Most common malignant tumor of the hand
chondrosarcoma
How to differentiate radial nerve injury from extensor tendon laceration from sagittal band rupture on physical exam of MCP function only
Radial nerve -> all digits cannot extend at MCP
Extensor tendon -> cannot extend at MCP, cannot maintain passive extension (if EDC tendon), no tenodesis effect with flexion and extension at wrist
Disruption to lateral bands would not affect MCPJ but IP joints
Sagittal band -> if placed in extension can maintain extension
Limb formation. What causes growth in the following: 1) proximodistal 2) radioulnar 3) dorsoventral
Apical epidermal ridge -> FGF
ZPA -> SHH
Wnt, EN-1, HOX
In distraction osteogenesis, typically how long are the following phases? Latency, activation, consolidation?
Latency -> 5-7 days (1 day to 1 week), callus formation
Activation -> 3-4 weeks (2-4x per day for a total of 1-1.5mm/day)
Consolidation -> about 8 weeks (or twice the activation phase)
1st brachial cleft
2nd brachial cleft
External auditory canal
Should involute, if not forms a brachial cleft cyst