HA&P II Lab Practical I

Endocrine 1

100

What is the target organ of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone?

Anterior Pituitary Gland

200

What are the effects of oxytocin?

Promotes milk ejection and uterine contractions

300

What hormones do the pancreas produce?

Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin

400

What does Calcitonin target?

Bones, kidneys

500

What hormone regulates biological rhythms and promotes sleep?

Melatonin

Endocrine 2

100

What connects the Hypothalamus to the Pituitary glands?

They Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Portal system

200

What are the 3 types of pancreatic islet cells and what are their functions?

Alpha- glucagon

Beta- insulin

Delta- somatostatin (inhibits both insulin and glucagon)

300

What are the zones of the Adrenal Gland? (Superficial to Deep)

Capsule

Zona Glomerulosa

Zona Fasciculata

Zona reticularis

Adrenal Medulla

400

What are the functions of each zone of the Adrenal Glands?

Zona Glomerulosa : Aldosterone

Zona Fasciculata: Cortisol

Zona Reticularis: Cortisol and androgenic steroids

Adrenal Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine

500

Where would you find the thymus?

Above the heart and between the lungs

Heart

100

What is blood made of?

55% Plasma

1% buffy coat

44% leukocytes

200

What are the granulocytes?

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

300

What are the agranulocytes?

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

400

How does blood flow into and out of the heart? (Where does it come in and get pumped to body, etc)

Deoxygenated blood comes in from the superior and inferior vena cava > right atria > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary trunk > lungs > pulmonary veins (oxygenated) > left atria > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aorta

500

What is tachycardia?

heart rate exceeding the normal resting rate

ECG

100

What does the P wave represent?

Atrial depolarization, initiated by the SA node

200

What does P-R segment represent?

Atrial depolarization complete complete and the impulse is delayed at the AV node

300

What does the QRS complex represent?

Ventricular depolarization begins at apex. Atrial repolarization is being masked. 

400

What does the ST segment represent?

Ventricular depolarization is complete

500

What does the T wave represent?

Ventricular repolarization begins at apex

Heart 2

100

What is ischemia?

a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen

200

What is Bradycardia?

heart rate lower than the normal resting rate

300

What is fibrillation?

a quivering or irregular heartbeat

400

What are the pacemaker cells?

SA node, AV node, and Purkinje fibers

500

How does the heart make sure that the ventricles fill completely and contract at the same time?

AV node delay