History of Harlow
What was Harlow's profession?
Psychologist
What species of monkey was used in Harlow's experiments?
Rhesus monkey
Which mother did the monkeys prefer?
The cloth mother
Harlow's research showed attachment is based on emotional bonds instead of what?
food
Which decade did Harlow conduct most of his research?
1950s
At what stage in their life were the infant monkeys separated from their biological mothers?
Shortly after birth
When frightened, monkeys ran to which surrogate mother?
the cloth mother
What is the term that describes the comfort infants seek through physical closeness?
contact comfort
Where did Harlow work for most of his career?
The University of Wisconsin-Madison
What were the two materials that the surrogate mothers were made of?
wire and cloth
The wire mother was avoided by the monkeys even though it provided what?
food
According to attachment theory, caregivers serve as a source of safety during which emotional state?
fear or stress
What did Harlow believe in?
Infants need contact comfort, not just food
One surrogate mother provided food while the other provided what?
Comfort or contact comfort
Which factor mattered more than feeding in attachment formation according to Harlow?
Harlow's findings emphasized the importance of early relationships for which type of development?
emotional and social development
Ethics and animal welfare
How did Harlow measure attachment in the experiment?
By seeing how much time the monkeys spent clinging to or staying with the surrogate mother
What severe psychological damage does maternal deprivation cause?
Social withdrawal, depression, and abnormal behaviors.
Harlow's work helped redefine attachment as a bond formed primarily through what?
Consistent comfort and emotional security from a caregiver