Genetics
What molecule contains the genetic instructions for most living organisms?
DNA
What piece of equipment is used to make very tiny measurements of liquid?
Micropipette
What type of organism is E. coli?
Bacterium
What molecule is often called the cell's "energy currency"?
ATP
What technology is used to make genetically modified organisms?
Genetic engineering
What are the four bases found in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
What technique separates DNA fragments based on size?
Gel electrophoresis
What structure allows bacteria to move around?
Flagellum / flagella
What type of biomolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
What biological substance is used to make many vaccines?
Depends on the vaccine; examples include proteins, inactivated organisms, or genetic material
What process creates an RNA copy from DNA?
Transcription
What machine is commonly used to amplify DNA?
PCR machine / thermocycler
What type of microorganism is yeast?
Fungus
What organelle produces most ATP in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
What technology allows scientists to edit specific DNA sequences?
CRISPR
What process uses mRNA to build a protein?
Translation
What technique can be used to separate proteins based on their size?
SDS-PAGE
What process allows bacteria to take up DNA from their environment?
Transformation
What type of bond connects amino acids together?
Peptide bond
Insulin used to treat diabetes can be produced using what genetically modified organism?
Genetically engineered bacteria or yeast
What enzyme cuts DNA at specific sequences and is commonly used in genetic engineering?
Restriction enzyme
In PCR, what enzyme copies the DNA?
DNA polymerase, commonly Taq polymerase
What CRISPR-associated protein is famous for cutting DNA?
Cas9
What determines the specific 3D shape of a protein?
Its amino acid sequence and the interactions that cause it to fold
What field combines biology with computer science to analyze biological data?
Bioinformatics