Fermentation
Pushing the grape skins into the fermenting juice to extract more color, flavor and tannin is known as what?
Punch-down or pump over
What part of the grape determines the color of wine?
The skin
What is the most widely planted variety in the world?
Cabernet
There are 9 food allergens identified by the FDA. Name two that we test for.
Eggs & milk
True or False: There is a winery in every state in the US
True
Generally speaking, within what temperature range does red-wine fermentation occur?
75-90 degrees
The level of sugar in the grapes affects the level of what in the wine?
Alcohol level
A benign type of grape fungus that can sweeten some types of wine is called what?
Noble rot or botrytis
Which acid is widely used as a preservative in red wine?
Sulfurous anhydride or sulfur dioxide(SO2)
A wine that has a musty smell, similar to wet cardboard or mold, may mean that the bottle is what?
Why is sulfite added to the grapes at the crush pad?
To kill unwanted yeast from starting fermentation.
As grapes ripen, sugar levels rise and levels of this, fall.
Acid
DAILY DOUBLE: What does AVA stand for in regards to viticulture?
American Viticultural Area
Daily Double: How many AVAs does WA currently have?
The process of adding sugar to grape juice in order to increase the final alcohol level in the finished wine is called what?
Chaptalization
California, New York, and this southeast state lead the US in wine consumption
Florida
What white grape varietal is traditionally co-fermented with Syrah?
Viognier
What tool is used to measure brix in wine grapes?
Refractometer
How many years does it take a newly planted vineyard to produce grapes eligible for harvest?
3-5 years
What is the main acid in wine?
Tartaric
How many ounces are defined as a standard drink for wine in the US?
5oz
The name of a whole bunch fermentation technique in which the first phase of fermentation is conducted in a completely anaerobic atmosphere to allow the tank to pressurize.
Carbonic Maceration
If a wine bottle lists a vintage, by law, what percentage of the wine in that bottle must be from that year for AVA.
Correct response must be within 10%.
95%
Grapes should not be picked immediately after rain, as they would contain additional water and possibly cause what?
Dilution
When Velcorin is added to wine, what does is break down into?
Hint: two answers.
CO2 and methanol
Name one of the two countries that popularized screw caps for wine bottles?
Australia
New Zealand