DNA
In DNA, this is the base pair rule.
A-T
G-C
In RNA, what replaces thymine?
Uracil
A strand of DNA containing genetic information is called a __________________.
Chromosome
Mitosis occurs in _________ cells.
somatic
What does meiosis make?
4 DIFFERENT egg or sperm cells (gametes)
If the DNA strand is AGC CCT, what is the complementary strand?
TCG GGA
DNA --> ___________ --> ____________
DNA --> mRNA --> protein
This type of cell is able to turn in to any kind of cell.
Stem cell
Mitosis creates 2 _____________ cells, or clones.
IDENTICAL
When does crossing over occur?
Why is it important?
Prophase I
Homologous chromosomes swap genes, so every offspring has different traits (independent assortment)
DNA is a macromolecule made up of smaller units (monomers) called:
nucleotides
Transcription occurs in the _____________ of the cell.
Nucleus
A ____________ is a small section of DNA with a nucleotide base code.
Gene
Why do skin cells undergo mitosis so frequently?
Skin cells are external and need to be constantly replaced as they protect our bodies.
What is a chromosome deletion?
What is a translocation mutation?
Deletion - a piece of the chromosome is removed
Translocation - the movement of a piece of a chromosome to another chromosome
During DNA replication genetic information is conserved (protected). Why is this important?
A - Exact copies of DNA are needed for new daughter cells
B - Each daughter cells needs 1/2 the DNA of the parent cell
A - Exact copies of DNA are needed for new daughter cells
Translation occurs in the cell's _______________.
ribosomes
The process that copies DNA to create identical strands.
DNA Replication
*Important so that new cells are exact copies of one another
What is the correct order of the mitosis steps?
Prophase (prior to division)
Metaphase (middle)
Anaphase (away)
Telophase (two)
Why does crossing over not occur during mitosis?
The cells made in mitosis are exact copies.
DNA determines genetic inheritance. Which of the following allows this to occur?
A - A single nucleotide codes for genetic traits
B - A pair of nucleotides code for genetic traits
C - A long strand of nucleotides code for genetic traits
C - A long strand of nucleotides code for genetic traits
All six codons below code for the same amino acid. CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG
Which amino acid does it code for?
Why is this important?
Arginine
Reduces the effect of mutations in the DNA
Chromosome pairs (one from each parent) that are similar in length and contain similar gene position.
Homologous chromosomes
Mitosis and cytokinesis are responsible for repair, replacement, and ____________.
Growth
BONUS: Cells vary in appearance, size, and shape. Why is this important?
All cells are specialized to do their own "job" carrying out different functions.