Period 1
1491-1607
1491-1607
This Native American confederacy from the northeast of the present-day United States had an early form of representative government.
Iroquois
This religiously intolerant group founded Massachusetts and persecuted this religiously tolerant group which later founded Pennsylvania. (2 parts)
Puritans; Quakers
This mid-18th century war led to the end of the this informal policy. After the war, Britain imposed this limitation on frontier settlement and this tax. (4 parts)
French and Indian War; Salutary Neglect; Proclamation of 1763; Stamp Act
This landmark case established the Supreme Court's ultimate power of __________. (2 parts)
Marbury v. Madison Judicial Review/Constitutional Interpretation
After the Mexican-American War, the vote on the _________ signaled the beginning of __________, as Congress voted along _________ rather than ________ lines, leading to the death of the ________ and the beginning the Third Party System.
Wilmot-Proviso; Sectionalism; Regional; Party; Whigs
The Homestead Act and Transcontinental Railroad helped Americans fulfill their collective dream of __________, which they had been chasing throughout the 19th century. This intensified wars with the _________, leading to the "end of the __________" in 1890. (3 parts)
Manifest Destiny; Native Americans; Frontier
This era, beginning around the turn of the 20th century, was a direct response to the excesses of the previous era. It was characterized by ________ journalism and _________ laws that checked the power of corporations.
Progressive Era; Gilded Age; Muckraking; Anti-Trust
George Kennan laid out this overarching Cold War strategy, which inspired the __________ to call for economic aid to prevent the spread of communism, specifically to _______ and ______ in 1947. In 1948, the ________ would even go a step further and allocate $15 billion to rebuild Western Europe. (5 parts)
Containment; Truman Doctrine; Greece and Turkey; Marshall Plan
The Conservative Revolution was largely a reaction to the _________ movement of the 1960s and 70s, characterized by this type of rebellious youth, landmark cases like ________ that shocked the "Moral Majority;" and substantial government spending that had been going on since the ________. (4 parts)
Counterculture; Hippie; Roe v. Wade; New Deal
These crops constituted the "three sisters" of many Native American societies.
Maize, Beans, Squash
The economies of the northern, middle and southern colonies were based on these three things respectively. (3 parts)
Fishing/Whaling; Grain/Wheat (Food Crops); Tobacco/Cash Crops
This decisive battle helped ______ convince this important power to enter the American Revolutionary War in alliance with the Patriots. (3 parts)
Battle of Saratoga; Benjamin Franklin; France
_________ fueled the 19th century economy of the South after the invention of the _________. This helped fuel the booming _________ industry in the North. Though their economies were interconnected, the ________ would have opposed the American System, while the other would have benefitted from it. (4 parts)
Cotton; Cotton Gin; Textile; South
Plans for the construction of the ________ led to the passage of this law, which contradicted the Missouri Compromise. Eventually this led to "_________," a harbinger for the Civil War where "slave power" and "free soilers" battled over the question of ________ in the new territory. (4 parts)
Transcontinental Railroad; Kansas-Nebraska Act; Bleeding Kansas; Slavery
In the post-Reconstruction era of the "New South," this system replaced slave plantation agriculture, while this 1896 decision ushered in the "_________" era of racial segregation with the doctrine of "_________." (4 parts)
Sharecropping; Plessy v. Ferguson; Jim Crow; Separate but Equal
Growing support for US expansionism in the late 19th century could be contextualized by this economic situation at the time. Domestically, the economy could also contextualize the growing strength of the ________ movement, which advocated this monetary policy. Ultimately, this brought expansionists to engage in this conflict which made the US an empire. (4 parts)
Panic of 1893; Populist/Free Silver; Bimetallism/Free Silver; Spanish-American War
As a general Dwight D. Eisenhower is credited with orchestrating this amphibious World War II assault, in addition to his presidential accomplishments which include getting the US out of this conflict, building the _________, and raising _________ on top earners. (4 parts)
D-Day; Korean War; the Interstate Highway System; Taxes
This country would come to be known as the Soviet Union's Vietnam and would hasten the end of the "Evil Empire," as Reagan called it. Reagan applied additional pressure with an arms race, as evidenced by "______," which aimed to militarize outer-space.
Afghanistan; Star Wars
This system of labor was forced on Native Americans by the Spanish.
Encomienda
The first permanent English settlement in North America was known as ___________, with settlers coming for this purpose. A decade later a settlement known as ___________ would emerge farther north with settlers coming for the purpose of this. (4 parts)
Jamestown/Virginia; Earning money; Massachusetts Bay/New England/Plymouth; Freedom of Religion (for themselves...)
The events of ________ Rebellion (1786-87) demonstrated weakness in a system government by the __________, while the events of _________ Rebellion demonstrated strength in a system governed by the _________ (1791-93). (4 parts)
Shays'; Articles of Confederation; Whisky; Constitution
In 1803 the _________ doubled the size of the United States. When new prospective states emerged, disputes over the _________ issue ensued, resulting in the _________ of 1820. Decades later, a territory of similar size would be added after the _________, resulting in a similar dispute with a similar outcome, the _________. (5 parts)
Louisiana Purchase; Slavery; Missouri Compromise; Mexican-American War/Mexican Cession; Compromise of 1850.
________ ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional in 1857. The ruling would hurt _________ in the famous __________ debates of 1858, since it would render his once popular compromise position of _________ unpopular in the South. (4 parts)
Dred Scott v. Sanford; Stephen Douglas; Lincoln-Douglas; Popular Sovereignty
The ___________ Strike in 1892 could be used as evidence that this steel tycoon fit this classification. (3 parts)
Homestead Strike; Andrew Carnegie; Robber Baron
Despite radio, cinema, cars, and advertising creating a ________ culture in the Roaring 20s, there were still considerable cultural divides. "________" were defying gender norms, while the Women's _________ Movement was at the forefront of the ________ of alcohol, which would increase the power of organized crime. The influence of this group from Eastern and Southern Europe led to this nativist law. The _________ brought more African Americans to northern cities, which blossomed into the _________, giving the era its name, the "Jazz Age," but also fueling a reactionary resurgence of the ________. Finally, science challenged religion in the famous _________ in Tennessee. (10 parts)
Mass; Flappers; Temperance; Prohibition; New Immigrants; Emergency Quotas Act of 1924; Great Migration; Harlem Renaissance; KKK; Scopes Trial
Lyndon B. Johnson would have been popular with the New Left for his "War on Poverty" program known as the _________, but unpopular for his escalation in _________, with the _________ Resolution, which gave the executive unprecedented power. This power was rescinded in 1973 with the _________ Act. (4 parts)
Great Society; Vietnam; Gulf of Tonkin; War Powers
When Congress voted to stop arms sales to this warring Middle Eastern country, the Reagan Administration secretly sold the weapons any way and redirected the profits to aid this insurgent group in overthrowing the Socialist Sandinista government in _______. This scandal would come to be known as the _______. (4 parts)
Iran; Contras; Nicaragua; Iran-Contra Affair
The 1588 defeat of this fleet in the North Atlantic paved the way for British colonization in North America.
Spanish Armada
These three components from these three locations constituted the Triangle Trade System. (6 parts)
African slaves; American raw materials; European finished products
Alexander Hamilton's Financial Plan had these three major components, while his Plan on ________ predicted a major transition in the US economy that would occur throughout the 19th century. (4 parts)
National Bank, assumption of states' debts, tariffs; Manufacturing
It could be said that each party system represented a development in the character of American Democracy. The First Party System saw the first __________, when Thomas Jefferson defeated __________ in the election of 1800. The Second Party System saw the beginning of _________, which ensured Andrew Jackson's 1828 victory over ________, who he lost to in 1824 as a result of the "________" (according to him). (5 parts)
Peaceful transfer of power to an opposing party; John Adams; Universal/Commoner (White Male) Suffrage; John Quincy Adams; Corrupt Bargain
Abraham Lincoln's position on slavery evolved throughout his presidency, which coincided with the Civil War. When he ran for office, he believed slavery should not be allowed in ________. In 1862, he issued the ________, which was ironic since it allowed ________ states to keep their slaves but freed them in ________. Finally, he pushed for the __________ to free slaves entirely, which passed before his death in 1865. (5 parts)
New States; Emancipation Proclamation; Border States; Rebel States; 13th Amendment
Those following this popular late 19th century philosophy might argue that monopolists like John D. Rockefeller should be classified as "__________," reasoning that their success was part of the natural order of things. (2 parts)
Social Darwinism; Captains of Industry
In response to the Great Depression, Hoover tried ________ economics, while Franklin Roosevelt relied on ________ economics. Though FDR's ________ programs may have eased the Depression, it was the _________ of industry for _________ that finally ended it. (4 parts)
Trickle-Down/Supply-Side; Keynesian/Demand-Side; New Deal; Mobilization; World War II
Richard Nixon would be considered left of modern Republicans because he placed controls on ________ and ________ in an attempt to combat ________. The _______ Crisis of 1973 was the catalyst for this problem. (4 parts)
Wage; Price; Stagflation; Oil
Bill Clinton signaled a bipartisan consensus for the end of big government in the 1990s with cuts to ________; the repeal of the _________ Act, which separated commercial and investment banking; and this pivotal trade agreement, which characterized the new age of globalization. (3 parts)
Welfare; Glass-Steagall Act; NAFTA
This Spanish theologian viewed Native Americans as "natural slaves" and defended the right of conquest, while this Dominican Friar--who was dubbed "Protector of the Indians" for his defense of Native Americans and their way of life--was his adversary. (2 Parts)
Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda; Bartolomé de las Casas
In the 17th century, these controversial laws illustrated the importance of the North Atlantic economy to this British economic system. However, they were often ignored in the the early 18th century due to this unofficial policy. (3 parts)
Navigation Acts; Mercantilism; Salutary Neglect
Thomas Jefferson was a student of the _________. This was evident when he wrote the _________, which would become a foundation of American principles. He later wrote the _________, which established "compact theory" in response to the _________ , passed by his rival, ________. This theory would lay the groundwork for the Nullification Crisis decades later, and eventually the Civil War. (5 parts)
Enlightenment; Declaration of Independence; Kentucky Resolution; Sedition Act; John Adams
These two continued actions carried out by the British together were seen as a primary cause of this war, which resulted in the end of this party after this fateful meeting. It also resulted in the rise of this national figure after his victory in this military campaign, generating a collective feeling of __________ throughout the country. (8 parts)
Impressment and arming frontier Native Americans from Canada; War of 1812; Federalist; Hartford Convention; Andrew Jackson; Battle of New Orleans; National Pride
With the absence of Southern delegations, the "________" _______ controlled Congress, enabling them to overcome vetoes by _________, who they eventually impeached. In the Reconstruction era, they passed the 14th Amendment, giving freed slaves _______, and the 15th Amendment giving them ________, under president _________ before Reconstruction ended with the _________. (6 parts)
Radical Republicans; Andrew Johnson; Citizenship; Suffrage; Ulysses S. Grant; Compromise of 1877
Large-scale immigration from this potato blighted country led to the rise of this single-issue party, which represented the growing _________ sentiment of the time. However, those same maligned immigrants were beneficial to these notoriously corrupt urban organizations of the time, such as ________ in New York. (5 parts)
Ireland; Know-Nothing Party; Nativist; Political Machines; Tammany Hall
World War I; Isolationism/Neutrality; League of Nations; World War II; Lend-Lease Act; Pearl Harbor
There were disagreements within the Civil Rights Movement. Leaders like _________, believed African Americans should obtain their rights "by any means necessary" and did not see integration as a priority. After his death, his philosophy would be embraced by the _________ Party, founded in 1966. On the other hand, the non-violent movement led by _______ achieved a great deal of national sympathy with tactics such as _______ at lunch counters and marches in places like ________, Alabama to achieve voting rights. Whites all across America could witness their struggle on ________. (6 parts)
Malcolm X; Black Panther; Martin Luther King Jr.; Sit-ins; Selma; Television
After attacks on the _______ in New York and the _______ in Virginia, the Bush administration passed the ________, which was controversial for infringing upon civil liberties, similar to the ________ Acts passed during the Quasi-War under _______ and World War I under ________. (4 parts)
World Trade Center; Pentagon; PATRIOT Act; Sedition; Adams; Wilson