General Knowledge
Expansion
Buildings
Trade
Propaganda
100
Before becoming pharaoh, what was Hatshepsut's proper title while she ruled instead of Thutmose III?
Regent
100
True or false: Hatshepsut's reign as pharaoh was full of war.
False - she was a relatively peaceful ruler.
100
True or false: Hatshepsut focused only on building new structures in Egypt.
False - She also famously resorted old and destroyed temples all over Egypt, as well as creating new buildings.
100
True or false: Hatshepsut was the first pharaoh in several centuries to visit and trade with Punt.
True - The location of Punt was thought 'long lost' to Egyptian pharaoh's ancestors - it was almost a place of legend at the time she went to go there.
100
True or false: Hatshepsut had no support when she claimed the title of pharaoh over Thutmose III.
False - Lot's of Hatshepsut's deceased husband's (Thutmose II's) and father's (Thutmose I's) allies thought she was an appropriate choice, and even Thutmose III was happy to co-rule with her while he was young.
200
How old was Hatshepsut when she died?
50
200
Which country did Hatshepsut have an extensive military campaign against?
Nubia
200
What does this image show?
Hatshepsut's mortuary temple (Djeser-djeseru) located at Deir el-Bahri.
200
What does this image show, and why?
Boats, as they were the main form of transport to help Egypt trade along the Nile.
200
Which Egyptian god did Hatshepsut claim to be the daughter of?
Amun
300
How long did Hatshepsut reign over Egypt (regent and outright pharaoh combined)?
21 years - 15 of which were as principal monarch.
300
What does this image show?
Hatshepsut, directly leading Egyptian soldiers into battle during a war campaign.
300
Alongside her temple, what else did Hatshepsut famously create as a part of her building projects?
The Obelisk at Karnak.
300
Why is the fact that Thutmose II came with Hatshepsut to Punt for the expedition important?
It indicates that they had a positive relationship at this time, or that she made him so that he couldn't rally support while she was away from Egypt.
300
What is the main reason that Hatshepsut wanted to 'masculinise' her name and image?
To connect her with former pharaoh's and the gods who supported them, who were predominately male until this point.
400
Who was the next most powerful female ruler that Egypt would see after Hatshepsut, and how many years were between them?
Cleopatra, who became leader of Egypt nearly 1400 years after Hatshepsut died.
400
"(Hatshepsut) was so pleasing to the heart [...] found [...] with the courtiers, who chased and captured in every foreign land, who did not desert the lord of the Two Lands on the battlefield"
Explain what is implied about Hatshepsut's military success in this primary source quote.
Hatshepsut succeed because she inspired loyalty and greatness in her troops, that even while they were far away, they did not abandon her orders or will.
400
"I saw the great works that he [Hatshepsut] built [in Karnak, erecting the magnificent hall of papyrus columns, erecting] 8 great pylons next to it, from beautiful white limestone, erecting the magnificent flagstaffs in front of the temple, from fresh cedar from Lebanon, its tips from electrum. I saw erection of [...] plated with electrum. I saw erection of the great gate Sechem-faw-Amun, its large door from Asian copper, the sacred figure thereon made from gold. I saw erection of the two [great] obelisks, [in front of the temple from granite.]"
Using the primary source, list at least 3 reasons why Ineni may find Hatshepsut's building projects significant.
- The sheer amount of buildings and improvements she made
- The materials used were luxury goods (electrum, gold, etc), if not freshly collected woods.
- Some of the goods to build came as far as Asia before being used in building projects.
- Hatshepsut made buildings to be both functional and beautiful.
- Hatshepsut directed attention to restoring temples, which would please the Gods.
400
"Loading of ships to a very large extent with precious goods from the land of Punt, all kinds of good herbs of the God's Land, and large quantities of resin of myrrh, of fresh myrrh trees, of ebony and pure ivory, of green gold from Amu, of tjSps-wood and Xsyt-wood, of resin, incense and galena, of baboons, vervet monkeys and greyhounds, of hides of Upper-Egyptian panthers, and of labourers and their children."
Explain why at least three of the listed goods brought back from Punt would have benefited Egypt's economy.
herbs - luxury good to add flavour and nutrition to Egyptian diets
resin, wood, ebony, ivory, gold - can all be used to create small precious artefacts such as jewelry, furniture, etc.
myrrh, myrrh trees, incense, galena - can all be used to create beautiful smelling environments and/or perfumes. Luxury good - also, the trees can be planted to grow in Egypt.
animals - as pets and for entertainment, bred to be further sold and kept in the country
labourers and children - to be used as servants and/or slaves to help build/create with the new, strange materials.
400
Identify AT LEAST two different ways this statue of Hatshepsut is effective propaganda.
Options (including but not limited to):
- Hatshepsut is wearing the masculine beard as common with male pharaoh's so she is considered equal to them.
- Hatshepsut is carrying two perfectly balanced orbs which represent balance and harmony, aligning her and her reign with 'ma'at' (goddess of balance and justice).
- The position of Hatshepsut (kneeling) is a relaxed and humble position which suggests an era of peace and attempting to not seem like a tyrant.
500
Suggest two reasons why the Egyptian people tried to erase her memory?
Possible responses:
- Thutmose III ordered her to be destroyed to stop a woman from becoming pharaoh in future
- Thutmose III wanted to take credit for her work/time as pharaoh
- To restore 'balance'/ma'at to Egypt, which would have been disturbed from having a female pharaoh
- The Egyptian people weren't happy while she ruled and only felt safe to challenge this after she died
- A pharaoh long after Hatshepsut and Thutmose III's time destroyed her image for any of the first three reason.
500
Explain why we have to be careful when trusting primary sources about Hatshepsut's military involvement?
She either wrote, or ordered the writing of, most sources that suggest she was involved. She would be biased, only saying positives about herself and her rule.
500
Explain at least 3 reasons that Hatshepsut's mortuary temple is a significant feature of her reign?
- It was a location that Egyptian's could go to worship her status after she died, indicating she was an important enough figure they would want to remember her
- It provides artworks and evidence or all of her achievements across her reign.
- It is where we find most written primary sources about Hatshepsut and her achievements, even if they are mostly written from her perspective
- The beautification of Egypt made it a wonderful place for people to live, and it was evidence of a time of peace
- Her temple and achievements were so grand that later pharaoh's attempted to strike out her name and image and claim them for themselves.
500
Explain at least 3 reasons that Hatshepsut's trade expedition was considered significant for Egypt.
- Luxury goods were now accessible to every day people
- The Egyptian economy was boosted
- Peace and prosperity between neighboring nations
- Safety was secure enough in Egypt that Hatshepsut could attend the exhibition herself
- A long lost legend was rediscovered which brought hope to the Egyptian people
- New and exciting produce was now available again.
500
"Horus: Powerful of spirits; Two Ladies: Prosperous of years; Gold Horus: Divine of appearance; The king of Upper and Lower Egypt: Maatkare; sacred image of Amun, she whom he wanted to be on his throne."
Explain why Hatshepsut aligned herself with the gods listed in this primary source.
Horus - god of the sun, and the first 'pharaoh' - became deeply entwined with all pharaohs. To say 'golden' Horus, implies 'best' or most suitable.
Maatkare - goddess of balance, makes Egyptian's feel Hatshepsut is not challenging order by alligning with her.
Amun - Patron god of a united Egypt - Hatshepsut claimed she was his daughter, and the most worthy person to keep Egypt united.