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TOXICOKINETICS
EXPOSURE
TOXICANTS
RISK
TOX ASSESSMENT
100
An organisms ability to change a substance into different chemicals.
What is metabolism?
100

The the three routes of exposure to an environmental toxicant.

What are dermal, inhalation, and ingestion?

100
A xenobiotic that effects primarily the brain
What is a neurotoxin?
100
Evaluation of potential adverse effects of an activity or exposure
What is risk assessment?
100
This measurement (in units of mg/kg) is the dose that produces death in half of the subjects
What is LD50?
200
The time needed after the end of exposure to reduce the amount in the organism by 50%
What is half-life?
200
This duration of exposure occurs for many years or a lifetime
What is chronic exposure?
200
Tritium and Strontium-90 are examples of this class of pollutants
What are radionuclides?
200
Process of reducing magnitudes of risk
What is risk management?
200
Barrier that prevents some agents from moving into brain tissue
What is the blood-brain barrier?
300
Main site for absorption for ingested agents.
What is the small intestine?
300
The amount of an agent that produces a reaction (two words)
What is Dose/Response?
300
He said "The sensitivity of the individual differentiates a poison from a remedy. The fundamental principle of toxicology is the individual's response to a dose."
Who is Paracelsus?
300
Regulations, cleanup costs, location, consequences, nature vs human source, publicity are all examples of things that effect
What is risk perception?
300

The acronym NOAEL stands for

What is No observed adverse effect level?

400

An organ that is damaged by the xenobiotic or its metabolite.

Target organ

400

Units of measuring a dose

What amount of substance (mg)/body weight (kg)/day

400

A group of inorganic chemicals that are elements and thus can’t  decompose in the environment.

What are heavy metals?

400

Impacted by age, genetics, gender, current or prior illness, nutrition, and history of exposure effect

What is individual sensitivity?

400
The dose thought to insure protection
What is reference dose?
500
These molecules bind to metals in the blood and facilitate more rapid excretion
What are chelators (or chelating agents)?
500
The intake calculated when looking at risks over a lifetime, typically used for exposures to carcinogens.

What is LADD (lifetime average daily dose)?

500

Overton's rule states that these molecules cross cell membranes easily, resulting in increased chance for toxicity.

What are nonpolar, lipid soluble molecules?

500

The equation for calculating cancer risk.

What is Intake x Slope Factor?

500
The usual measure for variability of a toxic response, representing 68% of the responses
What is standard deviation?