Life
What are the 4 types of macromolecules that are in living things?
lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
What 4 factors determine population size?
birth, death, immigration, emigration
A Simpson's diversity index close to 1 means there is (low/high) diversity.
high
Which 2 taxonomic classifications are given in binomial nomenclature?
genus & species
Put the following plants in the order they evolved in ("oldest" to "newest"): gymnosperm, moss, angiosperm, fern, liverwort
liverwort, moss, fern, gymnosperm, angiosperm
Which of the following events came first in the origin of life?
oxygen in atmosphere, oxygen in oceans, unicellular life, multicellular life
unicellular life
Is parasitism density dependent or independent?
density dependent
Define keystone species in 1 sentence.
A species with a disproportionately large impact on a community.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes = no nucleus or compartments (organelles)
Eukaryotes = “true” nucleus & compartments (organelles)
Which type of nonadaptive selection does this describe?
"Occurs when there are major environmental changes that alter natural selection so that most members of a species die before reproducing."
bottleneck effect
What is the function of lipids in the cell?
energy, cell membrane, or communication
Which type of growth (exponential or logistic) best models the idea of carrying capacity?
logistic
Draw a food chain containing the following organisms: humans, grass, cows
grass ----> cows ----> humans
Which kingdoms of life are exclusively heterotrophs?
fungi & animalia
Which type of evidence for evolution is the “best” or the most effective at determining evolutionary relationships?
nucleic acid similarities (genetics, DNA comparison, amino acid comparison)
Which macromolecule contains the following atoms: CHONS, and what indicator solution do you use to test its presence?
protein, Biuret
What 2 factors determine species diversity?
species richness and relative abundance
Describe the 10% rule in 1 sentence.
In an ecosystem, only about 10% of the energy available from the producers is passed up the energy pyramid.
What are the 3 steps to endosymbiotic theory?
1. plasma membrane folds in
2. engulf bacteria to make mitochondria
3. engulf plastids to make chloroplasts
Which type of speciation does this describe?
"Formation of two distinct species within the same geographic location"
sympatric speciation
What are the 7 characteristics of life?
order, energy, response, regulation, reproduction, growth, evolution
Summarize the greenhouse effect in 1 sentence.
Infrared radiation reflects off the Earth's surface back into the atmosphere, but greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere can reflect the radiation back to Earth's surface = warmer surface temperatures.
What type of symbiotic relationship do plants and the mycorrhizae fungi have?
mutualism
Construct a cladogram for the following info:
Species A: has traits 1 & 2
Species B: has traits 1, 2, & 3
Species C: has trait 1
C --2--> A --3--> B
What is the most significant difference between adaptive and nonadaptive evolution?
Adaptive = natural selection
Nonadaptive = random selection