DNA
What's the central dogma of biology?
DNA->RNA->Proteins
Name the 4 phases of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Why are the 4 daughter cells produced from meiosis genetically different?
crossing over of the homologous chromosomes during prophase 1
Vestigial structures are...
things that no longer function to increase survival in a species and are a left over from an ancestral form
How many cherry pits do you need to chew to reach toxic levels of cyanide in an average human?
depends; 3-4 for red cherries and 7-9 for black cherries
What feature of DNA supports that humans share 99% with chimpanzees and 50% with bananas?
the order of the nucleotide sequence
If horses have 64 chromosomes in their somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the two daughter cells of a skin cell have after one round of mitosis?
64 chromosomes each
Give an example of nondisjunction
trisomy__ or monosomy__, Down, Klinefelter, Edwards, Turners syndrome.
Genetic variation is important to natural selection because
it allows for differential survival
The only word in English with 3 sets of consecutive double letters:
bookkeeper
What type of mutation is the following sequence:
AAT TGC CAT
AAT TCC CAT
Substitution
What is the resting phase of interphase called?
G0
If having blue eyes is a recessive trait, what will the possible phenotypes be of a woman with blue eyes and a with brown eyes man who's father had blue eyes?
Heterozygous for brown eyes or homozygous recessive for blue eyes
How does bacterial survive antibiotic treatment?
By already possessing a mutation that increases their chance for survival and reproduction
What animals eye is bigger than its brain?
Ostrich; it has the largest eye of any living land animal at 5 cm across
A drug that interferes with protein synthesis will affect which cell organelle?
ribosomes
A researcher observes a cell that is too small to continue through interphase. Which cell checkpoint is responsible for halting this process?
G1 Checkpoint: p53 tumor suppressor, cell size, DNA damage
Why do x-linked traits impact men more than women
Men only have one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome that does not have the same genetic material.
What is the difference between genetic drift and gene flow?
Genetic drift is random events that impact small populations, and gene flow involves movement of individuals with alleles between populations.
This animal is older than the rings of Saturn and the north star:
Sharks date back 450myo, the rings of Saturn are at most 400myo, and the north star is 70myo
What are the consequences of a frameshift mutation?
An improperly functioning protein resulting from different properties in the amino acids (hydrophobic vs hydrophilic in sickled cells)
If sister chromatids are not separating properly during anaphase, what cell structure could be responsible?
Centromeres and spindle fibers
What are Mendel's laws of inheritance?
Law of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance
How are analogous structures used as evidence for evolution?
Indicates that similar niches create conditions for structures with the same functions despite not sharing common ancestry.
How much money did airlines save in 1987 when they eliminated one olive from salads served in first class?
$40,000